Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
Thehttps:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

NIH NLM Logo
Log inShow account info
Access keysNCBI HomepageMyNCBI HomepageMain ContentMain Navigation
pubmed logo
Advanced Clipboard
User Guide

Full text links

Nature Publishing Group full text link Nature Publishing Group Free PMC article
Full text links

Actions

Share

.2021 Jan 14;11(1):992.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80413-y.

Preference, performance, and chemical defense in an endangered butterfly using novel and ancestral host plants

Affiliations

Preference, performance, and chemical defense in an endangered butterfly using novel and ancestral host plants

Nathan L Haan et al. Sci Rep..

Abstract

Adoption of novel host plants by herbivorous insects can require new adaptations and may entail loss of adaptation to ancestral hosts. We examined relationships between an endangered subspecies of the butterfly Euphydryas editha (Taylor's checkerspot) and three host plant species. Two of the hosts (Castilleja hispida, Castilleja levisecta) were used ancestrally while the other, Plantago lanceolata, is exotic and was adopted more recently. We measured oviposition preference, neonate preference, larval growth, and secondary chemical uptake on all three hosts. Adult females readily laid eggs on all hosts but favored Plantago and tended to avoid C. levisecta. Oviposition preference changed over time. Neonates had no preference among host species, but consistently chose bracts over leaves within both Castilleja species. Larvae developed successfully on all species and grew to similar size on all of them unless they ate only Castilleja leaves (rather than bracts) which limited their growth. Diet strongly influenced secondary chemical uptake by larvae. Larvae that ate Plantago or C. hispida leaves contained the highest concentrations of iridoid glycosides, and iridoid glycoside composition varied with host species and tissue type. Despite having largely switched to a novel exotic host and generally performing better on it, this population has retained breadth in preference and ability to use other hosts.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Taylor’s checkerspot (A) adult and (B) larvae, and host plants (C)Castilleja hispida, (D)Castilleja levisecta, and (E)Plantago lanceolata. (F) Closeup ofC. hispida illustrating the contrast between leaf and bract tissues. Photos: N. Haan.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Ternary plot depicting oviposition preference of 29 Taylor’s checkerspot individuals among three host species. Each point represents an individual butterfly, and its position shows the overall proportion of eggs it allocated among the three species. Colors delineate areas in which more than half of an individual’s eggs are laid on that species. Point size is proportional to the number of trials each individual underwent. The population mean is shown by the ‘x’. Ternary plot generated using packageggtern.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Oviposition preference changed over the course of the experiment. Each point on the plot is an individual trial (i.e., ~ 24 h period in which eggs were laid). Statistical results in Table 1.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Ternary plot showing preference of 21 neonate sibling groups for leaf tissues of each host species (one choice trial per group, groups comprised of 3–6 individuals). Colors delineate instances in which more than half of the total leaf area eaten was that species. There are 2 overlapping points in each corner of the plot where neonates fed only on that species. The ‘x’ indicates population mean. Inset: when given the choice between bracts or leaves from the same stem of eitherCastilleja species, neonate larvae strongly preferred bracts. Points show mean proportion of leaf area eaten by each sibling group; brackets are ± 1 SEM.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Mass gain and iridoid glycoside (IG) sequestration differed by treatment. Violin plots depict larval mass and IG sequestration responses to five no-choice feeding treatments. (A) Larval mass at third instar, approximately 2 weeks before diapause; (B) larval mass at diapause; (C) total IG concentration in larvae at diapause (% dry weight); (D) mass of IGs sequestered (mg). Horizontal lines represent medians, points represent means. Within each plot, treatments not sharing a letter differ significantly.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Composition of sequestered IG compounds differed strongly among treatments. Areas within each bar show the mean concentration of each of the four compounds found in larvae from that diet treatment, with one sample per matriline.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Strauss SY, Lau JA, Carroll SP. Evolutionary responses of natives to introduced species: what do introductions tell us about natural communities? Evolutionary responses of natives to introduced species. Ecol. Lett. 2006;9:357–374. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00874.x. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Smith DC. Heritable divergence of Rhagoletis pomonella host races by seasonal asynchrony. Nature. 1988;336:66–67. doi: 10.1038/336066a0. - DOI
    1. Filchak KE, Roethele JB, Feder JL. Natural selection and sympatric divergence in the apple maggot Rhagoletis pomonella. Nature. 2000;407:739–742. doi: 10.1038/35037578. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Carroll, S. P., Dingle, H., Famula, T. R. & Fox, C. W. Genetic architecture of adaptive differentiation in evolving host races of the soapberry bug, Jadera haematoloma. in Microevolution Rate, Pattern, Process (eds. Hendry, A. P. & Kinnison, M. T.) vol. 8 257–272 (Springer Netherlands, 2001). - PubMed
    1. Nice CC, Fordyce JA, Shapiro AM, Ffrench-Constant R. Lack of evidence for reproductive isolation among ecologically specialised lycaenid butterflies. Ecol. Entomol. 2002;27:702–712. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2311.2002.00458.x. - DOI

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

LinkOut - more resources

Full text links
Nature Publishing Group full text link Nature Publishing Group Free PMC article
Cite
Send To

NCBI Literature Resources

MeSHPMCBookshelfDisclaimer

The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.

[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2025 Movatter.jp