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Review
.2020 Nov 9;55(3):259-271.
doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.09.029.

Cellular Mechanisms and Regulation of Quiescence

Affiliations
Review

Cellular Mechanisms and Regulation of Quiescence

Océane Marescal et al. Dev Cell..

Abstract

Quiescence is a state of reversible proliferative arrest in which cells are not actively dividing and yet retain the capacity to reenter the cell cycle upon receiving an appropriate stimulus. Quiescent cells are remarkably diverse-they reside in different locations throughout the body, serve distinct roles, and are activated by a variety of signals. Despite this diversity, all quiescent cells must be able to persist in a nondividing state without compromising their proliferative potential, which requires changes to core cellular programs. How drastically different cell types are able to implement extensive changes to their gene-expression programs, metabolism, and cellular structures to induce a common cellular state is a fascinating question in cell and developmental biology. In this review, we explore the diversity of quiescent cells and highlight the unifying characteristics that define the quiescent state.

Keywords: aging; cancer; cell cycle; gene expression; proliferation; quiescence; senescence; signaling; stem cell; terminal differentiation.

Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Interests I.M.C. is a member of the Editorial Advisory Board for Developmental Cell.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. The diversity of quiescent cell types in an organism.
Diagram of key tissues and organs with their resident quiescent cell populations. Quiescent cell types are diverse and found throughout the body where they play roles in tissue repair, fertility, and immunity. Muscle stem cell and oocytes images were obtained from the Cheeseman lab. Hepatocyte image was kindly provided by Kristin Knouse, with permission. Lymphocyte image are from Grogan et al. (Grogan et al., 2001). Neural stem cell image are from Llorens-Bobadilla et al. (Llorens-Bobadilla et al., 2015). Hematopoietic stem cell image are from Wei et al. (Wei et al., 2020).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Cell cycle regulation of the quiescent state.
Diagram of the cell cycle, showing the proliferating and G0 quiescent states. Figure includes the key regulatory and transcription factors required to enact each state, including CDK inhibitors, cyclin/CDK complexes, and Rb.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.. Signals controlling quiescence.
Model showing the extracellular and intracellular signals that contribute to a cell’s quiescence-proliferation decision. Contact-dependent interactions, DNA damage, and certain soluble factors promote quiescence, whereas growth factor signaling and extracellular matrix interactions stimulate proliferation.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.. Changes to cell state in quiescence.
Diagram showing the transcriptional, metabolic, and physical changes to quiescent cells, including those that enable them to preserve their proliferative potential and ensure the reversibility of cell cycle arrest.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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