Review

.2020 Jul 24;9(8):441.

doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9080441.

Antimicrobial Lipids from Plants and Marine Organisms: An Overview of the Current State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects

Eliana Alves¹, Marina Dias¹, Diana Lopes^{1 2}, Adelaide Almeida³, Maria do Rosário Domingues^{1 2}, Felisa Rey^{1 2}

Affiliations

¹ Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
² Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
³ Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.

PMID:32722192
PMCID: PMC7459900
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080441

Review

Antimicrobial Lipids from Plants and Marine Organisms: An Overview of the Current State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects

Eliana Alves et al. Antibiotics (Basel).2020.

.2020 Jul 24;9(8):441.

doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9080441.

Authors

Eliana Alves¹, Marina Dias¹, Diana Lopes^{1 2}, Adelaide Almeida³, Maria do Rosário Domingues^{1 2}, Felisa Rey^{1 2}

Affiliations

¹ Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
² Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
³ Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.

PMID:32722192
PMCID: PMC7459900
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080441

Abstract

In the actual post-antibiotic era, novel ways of rethinking antimicrobial research approaches are more urgent than ever. Natural compounds with antimicrobial activity such as fatty acids and monoacylglycerols have been investigated for decades. Additionally, the interest in other lipid classes as antimicrobial agents is rising. This review provides an overview on the research about plant and marine lipids with potential antimicrobial activity, the methods for obtaining and analyzing these compounds, with emphasis on lipidomics, and future perspectives for bioprospection and applications for antimicrobial lipids. Lipid extracts or lipids isolated from higher plants, algae or marine invertebrates are promising molecules to inactivate a wide spectrum of microorganisms. These lipids include a variety of chemical structures. Present and future challenges in the research of antimicrobial lipids from natural origin are related to the investment and optimization of the analytical workflow based on lipidomics tools, complementary to the bioassay-guided fractionation, to identify the active compound(s). Also, further work is needed regarding the study of their mechanism of action, the structure-activity relationship, the synergistic effect with conventional antibiotics, and the eventual development of resistance to lipids, which, as far as is known, is unlikely.

Keywords: fatty acid; lipid extract; lipidomics; macroalga; marine invertebrate; mechanism of action; microalga; minimum inhibitory concentration; monoacylglycerol; natural antimicrobial.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Infographic of the actual state-of-the-art on antibiotic resistance and search for novel antimicrobials, as natural product-derived lipids. Abbreviations: MDR, multidrug resistant; UN, United Nations; AMP, antimicrobial peptides; PACT, photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy; FA, fatty acids; MAG, monoacylglycerols; TP, terpenoids; SG, steroidal glycosides.

**Figure 2**
Chemical structures of the different lipid classes isolated from natural sources with antimicrobial activity.

**Figure 3**
Workflow summarizing the main techniques used for lipidomics analyses of lipids from plants and marine organisms.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Antimicrobial Lipids from Plants and Marine Organisms: An Overview of the Current State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects

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Antimicrobial Lipids from Plants and Marine Organisms: An Overview of the Current State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects

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