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doi: 10.7717/peerj.8302. eCollection 2020.

Life history stage explains behavior in a social network before and during the early breeding season in a cooperatively breeding bird

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Life history stage explains behavior in a social network before and during the early breeding season in a cooperatively breeding bird

Angela Tringali et al. PeerJ..

Abstract

In species with stage-structured populations selection pressures may vary between different life history stages and result in stage-specific behaviors. We use life history stage to explain variation in the pre and early breeding season social behavior of a cooperatively breeding bird, the Florida scrub-jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens) using social network analysis. Life history stage explains much of the variation we observed in social network position. These differences are consistent with nearly 50 years of natural history observations and generally conform toa priori predictions about how individuals in different stages should behave to maximize their individual fitness. Where the results from the social network analysis differ from thea priori predictions suggest that social interactions between members of different groups are more important for breeders than previously thought. Our results emphasize the importance of accounting for life history stage in studies of individual social behavior.

Keywords: Aphelocoma coerulescens; Foray; Life history; Social behavior; Social network; Stage-structured.

©2020 Tringali et al.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare there are no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Location of Florida scrub-jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens) territories and aggregation sampling points at Archbold Biological Station in 2017 and 2018.
Boundaries shown here are as they were mapped in April of (A) 2017 and (B) 2018. Sampling points were non-randomly stratified with respect to territory boundaries as mapped the previous year and placed at least 200 m apart. Darkly shaded territories indicate that no individual from that territory was included in the statistical analyses, either because the individuals were detected too few times to be included in the network, or because the territory failed to meet the spatial criteria for inclusion in the analyses.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Boxplots showing degree, betweenness, clustering coefficient, and number of unique points visited for female and male Florida scrub-jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) by life history stage.
(A) Breeders had significantly fewer connections (lower degree) than helpers in 2017. (B) Breeders connected otherwise unconnected individuals (lower betweenness) significantly less than helpers in both years. (C) Breeders exhibited significantly more “cliquish” behavior (higher clustering coefficient) than helpers in 2017. (D) Breeders were detected at significantly fewer unique points than helpers in 2017 and 2018.
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This work was supported by Archbold Biological Station. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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