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Review
.2020 Mar:80:106221.
doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106221. Epub 2020 Jan 30.

CTLA-4: From mechanism to autoimmune therapy

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Review

CTLA-4: From mechanism to autoimmune therapy

Arezoo Hosseini et al. Int Immunopharmacol.2020 Mar.

Abstract

CD28 and CTLA-4 are both important stimulatory receptors for the regulation of T cell activation. Because receptors share common ligands, B7.1 and B7.2, the expression and biological function of CTLA-4 is important for the negative regulation of T cell responses. Therefore, elimination of CTLA-4 can result in the breakdown of immune tolerance and the development of several diseases such as autoimmunity. Inhibitory signals of CTLA-4 suppress T cell responses and protect against autoimmune diseases in many ways. In this review, we summarize the structure, expression and signaling pathway of CTLA-4. We also highlight how CTLA-4 defends against potentially self-reactive T cells. Finally, we discuss how the CTLA-4 regulates a number of autoimmune diseases that indicate manipulation of this inhibitory molecule is a promise as a strategy for the immunotherapy of autoimmune diseases.

Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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