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.2020 Feb;10(2):e01533.
doi: 10.1002/brb3.1533. Epub 2020 Jan 14.

Involvement of dopamine D3 receptor and dopamine transporter in methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization in tree shrews

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Involvement of dopamine D3 receptor and dopamine transporter in methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization in tree shrews

Jian Huang et al. Brain Behav.2020 Feb.

Abstract

Introduction: This study aims to establish a methamphetamine (METH)-induced behavioral sensitization model using tree shrews, as well as to measure the protein expression of the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) and dopamine transporter (DAT).

Methods: Forty tree shrews were equally and randomly divided into four experimental groups: those administered with 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg METH and a control group (treated with an equal amount of normal saline). Each experimental group was repeatedly exposed to METH for nine consecutive days to induce the development of behavioral sensitization, followed by four days of withdrawal (without the METH treatment) to induce the transfer of behavioral sensitization, then given 0.5 mg/kg of METH to undergo the expression of behavioral sensitization. Altered locomotor and stereotypic behaviors were measured daily via open-field experiments during the development and expression stages, and weight changes were also recorded. Then, the Western blot method was used to detect the expression levels of D3R and DAT in three brain regions: the nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, and dorsal striatum 24 hr after the last behavioral test.

Results: METH administration augmented motor-stimulant responses and stereotypic behaviors in all experimental groups, and stereotypic behaviors intensified more in the groups treated with 2 and 4 mg/kg METH. Motion distance, speed, and trajectory were significantly elevated in all experimental, however, METH at 4 mg/kg induced more stereotypic behaviors, decreasing these locomotor activities as compared with the 2 mg/kg METH group. 2 and 4 mg/kg METH significantly upregulated and downregulated D3R and DAT expression levels, respectively, in three brain regions, and these changes are more pronounced in 2 mg/kg METH.

Conclusions: These results indicated that this animal model may be used to study the neurobiological mechanisms that underly the development and expression of behavioral sensitization to METH. Deregulated D3R and DAT expression may be involved in the METH-induced behavioral sensitization.

Keywords: METH; behavioral sensitization; dopamine D3 receptor; dopamine transporter; methamphetamine; tree shrews.

© 2020 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Experimental protocol for METH and saline treatments. (b) Effects of different doses of METH on stereotypic behavior scores of behavioral sensitization in tree shrews on the last day (d12) of the development period of behavioral sensitization and (c) the expression period of behavioral sensitization (d17). *p < .05, **p < .01, and ***p < .001 compared to the control group.##p < .01 compared to METH (1 mg/kg).$p < .05 compared to METH (2 mg/kg). Data were presented as mean ± SEM.N = 10 per group
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of different doses of METH on motion trajectory, movement distance, average speed, and body weight of the tree shrews. The enclosed photograph illustrates the change of motion trajectory diagram for the tree shrews during the expression period of behavioral sensitization (d17) for control group (a), METH at 1 mg/kg (b), 2 mg/kg (c), and 4 mg/kg (d). (e) Effects of different doses of METH on movement distance of the tree shrews. (f) Effects of different doses of METH on average speed of the tree shrews. (g) Effects of different doses of METH on weight of the tree shrew (a = p1 mg/kg < .001 on d12; b = p1 mg/kg < .001 on d17; c = p2 mg/kg < .001 on d12; d = p2 mg/kg < .001 on d17; e = p4 mg/kg < .01 on d12; f = p4 mg/kg < .01 on d17). Data were presented as mean ± SEM.N = 10 per group
Figure 3
Figure 3
Regulation of different doses of METH to the expressions of D3R and DAT in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) (left panel a and b), dorsal striatum (DS) (middle panel a and b), and nucleus accumbens (NAc) (right panel a and b) per the METH‐induced behavioral sensitization model of the tree shrews. β‐actin‐normalized protein levels of D3R and DAT were determined using Western blot. Representative blot images are shown. *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001 compared to the saline‐paired control group.＃p < .05,＃＃p < .01 compared to the 2 mg/kg METH group.＄p < .05,＄＄p < .01 compared to the 2 mg/kg METH group. Data were presented as mean ± SEM.N = 3 per group of the behaviorally sensitized tree shrews
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