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Review
.2019 Sep 28;17(10):555.
doi: 10.3390/md17100555.

Biomaterials Based on Marine Resources for 3D Bioprinting Applications

Affiliations
Review

Biomaterials Based on Marine Resources for 3D Bioprinting Applications

Yi Zhang et al. Mar Drugs..

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has become a flexible tool in regenerative medicine with potential for various applications. Further development of the new 3D bioprinting field lies in suitable bioink materials with satisfied printability, mechanical integrity, and biocompatibility. Natural polymers from marine resources have been attracting increasing attention in recent years, as they are biologically active and abundant when comparing to polymers from other resources. This review focuses on research and applications of marine biomaterials for 3D bioprinting. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms, material requirements, and applications of commonly used 3D bioprinting technologies based on marine-derived resources. Commonly used marine materials for 3D bioprinting including alginate, carrageenan, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, collagen, and gelatin are also discussed, especially in regards to their advantages and applications.

Keywords: 3D bioprinting; biomaterials; bioprinting application; marine resource.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Concept map of variables and relations critical to biofabrication (A) with the permission of reference [14], Copyright WILEY, 2013. The polymer distributions for use as bioinks (B) with permission from reference [18], Copyright Elsevier, 2015.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Inkjet printing technologies (A) with permission from reference [19], Copyright Elsevier, 2019. Extrusion printing technology (B) with permission from reference [27], Copyright Elsevier, 2018. Stereolithography-based bioprinting technology (C).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chemical structure of alginate (A) with permission from reference [69], Copyright Elsevier, 2003. The gelation and printability of different molecular weight alginate bioinks with Ca2+ (B) with permission from reference [61], Copyright Springer Nature, 2017. The coupling strategy of the tripeptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid sequence with alginate (C) and the increased adherence of the cells to modified alginate (D) with permission from reference [70], Copyright Elsevier, 2015.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Chemical structures of different types (A) and different crosslinking mechanisms (B) of carrageenan with the permission of reference [58], Copyright Elsevier, 2018. The live/dead images (C) and bioprinted scaffolds (D) of encapsulated NIH-3T3 cells in MA-κ CA (Methacrylated Kappa-Carrageenan, 5%) hydrogel with the permission of reference [81], Copyright WILEY, 2013.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The generation of 3D micro neural scaffold with human neural stem cell-laden in chitosan hydrogel (A–D) with the permission of reference [95], Copyright WILEY, 2016. Chemical structures of chitosan (E) with the permission of reference [62], Copyright Elsevier, 2000.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Chemical primary structure and the esterification mechanism of HA (A), hydrogel printability (B) and cell viability (C) in HA hydrogel with the permission of reference [64], Copyright, Poldervaart et al., 2017.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The printability (A,B) and cell viability (C–E) in collagen hydrogel with the permission of reference [118], Copyright WILEY, 2019. Chemical structures of collagen (F) with the permission of reference [119], Copyright Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Chemical structures of gelatin (A), gelation (B), modification (C) and cell viability (D) in gelatin hydrogel with the permission of reference [132], Copyright WILEY, 2016.
Figure 9
Figure 9
3D Bioprinting of bone tissue (A: Description of multi-tool 3D bioprinting process.B: The distribution of bioink and polycaprolactone (PCL) within tissue scaffold.C: Live/dead images of cells within the bioink.) with permission from reference [158], Copyright WILEY, 2016.
Figure 10
Figure 10
3D glioma tumor model by extrusion printing and application of susceptibility of tumor model to high drug concentration (A,B: TMZ-susceptibility of glioma cell lines at 3D and 2D.C–F: Live/dead images of TMZ treated glioma cells in 3D and 2D. G: relative growth rate of TMZ treated glioma cells in 3D and 2D) with permission from reference [225], Copyright IOPScience, 2019.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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