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.2019 Apr 25;9(1):6565.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42983-4.

Distinguishing between sea turtle foraging areas using stable isotopes from commensal barnacle shells

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Distinguishing between sea turtle foraging areas using stable isotopes from commensal barnacle shells

Ryan M Pearson et al. Sci Rep..

Abstract

Understanding the movement behaviour of marine megafauna within and between habitats is valuable for informing conservation management, particularly for threatened species. Stable isotope analyses of soft-tissues have been used to understand these parameters in sea turtles, usually relying on concurrent satellite telemetry at high cost. Barnacles that grow on sea turtles have been shown to offer a source of isotopic history that reflects the temperature and salinity of the water in which the host animal has been. We used a novel method that combines barnacle growth rates and stable isotope analysis of barnacle shells (δ18O and δ13C) as predictors of home area for foraging sea turtles. We showed high success rates in assigning turtles to foraging areas in Queensland, Australia, based on isotope ratios from the shells of the barnacles that were attached to them (86-94% when areas were separated by >400 km). This method could be used to understand foraging distribution, migration distances and the habitat use of nesting turtles throughout the world, benefiting conservation and management of these threatened species and may be applied to other taxa that carry hitchhiking barnacles through oceans or estuaries.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cross-plot of δ13C and δ18O (‰) for 93Chelonibia testudinaria barnacle shell samples collected from 27 sea turtles within the four foraging areas. The month in which the shell material was formed is represented by different shapes. The number of turtles and samples within each of the four areas were: Gladstone (7 turtles, 16 samples); Hervey Bay (4 turtles, 23 samples); Moreton Bay (10 turtles, 27 samples), Howick Group (6 turtles, 27 samples).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Map of Queensland, Australia, showing the four turtle foraging areas (green). Sea surface temperature (SST) at 15-Jun-2015. Data was sourced from the Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS) – IMOS is a national collaborative research infrastructure, supported by Australian Government.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Summary of measurements used to calculate the age of each sample collected from a barnacle shell. (A) front view of barnacle facing rostrum. (B) top view of barnacle with rostrum on left. (C) side view with rostrum on right. Distance (mm) from base to centre of sample site (H); Maximum rostro-carinal length in mm (L); Length (mm) of curved surface of rostrum (R). Red arrow points to sample taken of newest/youngest material. Black arrow points to the oldest of three successive samples taken from this barnacle. Yellow line identifies the extent of the rostrum plate in each frame. Each grid-square (inB) is 10 mm.
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