doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05814-0.
Precession-band variance missing from East Asian monsoon runoff
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- PMID:30135494
- PMCID: PMC6105601
- DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05814-0
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Precession-band variance missing from East Asian monsoon runoff
S C Clemens et al. Nat Commun..
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Abstract
Speleothem CaCO3 δ18O is a commonly employed paleomonsoon proxy. However, inferring local rainfall amount from speleothem δ18O can be complicated due to changing source water δ18O, temperature effects, and rainout over the moisture transport path. These complications are addressed using δ18O of planktonic foraminiferal CaCO3, offshore from the Yangtze River Valley (YRV). The advantage is that the effects of global seawater δ18O and local temperature changes can be quantitatively removed, yielding a record of local seawater δ18O, a proxy that responds primarily to dilution by local precipitation and runoff. Whereas YRV speleothem δ18O is dominated by precession-band (23 ky) cyclicity, local seawater δ18O is dominated by eccentricity (100 ky) and obliquity (41 ky) cycles, with almost no precession-scale variance. These results, consistent with records outside the YRV, suggest that East Asian monsoon rainfall is more sensitive to greenhouse gas and high-latitude ice sheet forcing than to direct insolation forcing.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare no competing interests.
Figures
Modern precipitation and salinity climatologies, rivers, and surface currents.a Locations of IODP Site U1429 and sediment trap site JAST-01 in the East China Sea. δ2Hwax records precipitation isotopes from the Pearl River Valley and the Loess Plateau, deposited at IODP Site 1146 and Weinan, respectively. Boxes are area averages for CCSM3 model results. Kuroshio current (KC) and Tsushima warm current (TsWC) split south of U1429,. Taiwan warm current (TWC) enters from the south. Sanbao, Linzhu, and Hulu caves are the locations from which the composite δ18Ocave record was constructed.b Modern rainfall in the Yangtze River Valley (brown) is highly correlated to salinity at East China Sea Site U1429 (green). At the annual cycle with the lag removed,r = 0.89 and the result is significant atp < 0.01.c Monthly climatology fromb. Salinity from ORAS4. Rainfall from GPCC. Base-map created using commercially available MATLAB software
Proxy time series and spectra.a U1429 δ18Obf mapped to the benthic chronology.b U1429 δ18Opf on the benthic age model.c δ18Ocave,d Notched δ18Opf mapped to δ18Ocave. Labeled dashed lines denote primary orbital frequencies (frequency = 1/period in ky)
Millennial-scale structure in notched δ18Opf compared to δ18Ocave.a Notched U1429 δ18Opf on the cave-based age model.b Expanded 20–80 ka interval with millennial-scale Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) and Heinrich events numbered.c Expanded 100–210 ka interval.d Expanded 250–340 ka interval showing structure not previously resolved in δ18Ocave
Time series used in deriving local δ18Osw, and associated spectra.a U1429 δ18Opf (and spectrum) with Mg/Ca SST, both derived fromG. ruber (250–355 μm size fraction).b U1429 total δ18Osw (and spectrum) with U1429 δ18Obf scaled to match the global δ18Osw curve; this approach preserves the age model and high temporal resolution of the U1429 data.c,d U1429 local δ18Osw (and spectrum) with the Pearl River Valley δ2Hwax record (and spectrum) from Site 1146. Labeled dashed lines denote primary orbital frequencies (frequency = 1/period in ky). Orbital-scale peaks for frequencies <0.05 labeled with * do not meet thep = 0.05 threshold level for probability of chance occurrence (Methods)
Spectral comparisons of EAM proxy records with global ice volume, greenhouse gases, and insolation. Local δ18Osw, a record for which the effects of temperature and seawater δ18O have been removed, compared toa global CH4,b global CO2, andc global ice volume. δ18Ocave, a record for which the effects of temperature and seawater δ18O have not been removed, compared tod local summer ande high-latitude summer-insolation forcing. Labeled lines denote primary orbital frequencies (frequency = 1/period in ky)
Comparison of model (annual average, red) and U1429 (blue) time series and spectra.a U1429 local δ18Osw and East China Sea (ECS) model annual average precipitation. The U1429 record is consistent withb annual average precipitation over the Yangtze River Valley (YRV) accounting for the 29- and 69-ky variance andc ECS annual average precipitation, accounting for the 100- and 41-ky variance. Supplementary Figure 6 shows comparisons of δ18Ocave (for which temperature has not been removed) with model temperature and precipitation (monthly annual, maximum, and minimum)
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