Introduction: Immunoreactivity toAnisakis spp. is believed to be associated with frequency of fish intake. The objective of this study was to evaluate, using principal component analysis, the main factors potentially involved in reactivity to these nematodes in postpartum women.

Methods: Retrospective study conducted on a database of 309 postpartum women. All completed a structured questionnaire and had blood samples collected for ELISA analysis of specific immunoglobulins against totalAnisakis spp. antigens and assessment of reactivity. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used to assess factors for sensitization in the reactive and nonreactive groups, and a principal component analysis was performed. A Pearson correlation matrix with varimax rotation was used to assess the variables of interest (place of residence, age, number of prenatal visits, type of birth facility, fish intake and frequency, raw fish intake, fish handling, history of allergies).

Results: After exclusions, samples from 203 women were assessed. Of these, 52 (25.6%) were reactive for anti-Anisakis IgG. Most women claimed not to handle fish (n = 121) and eat fish only sporadically (n = 71). Significant differences in age were seen between the reactive and nonreactive groups (p = 0.001). The first two components explained 32.55% and 38.94% of variances in the nonreactive and reactive groups respectively. The adjusted matrix assigned greater probabilistic weight to weekly intake frequency (0.804), followed by raw fish intake (0.759), with differences in relation to the nonreactive group.

Conclusion: Correlation matrices revealed a direct relationship between seroreactivity toAnisakis spp. and frequency of fish intake in a sample of postpartum women.