Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
Thehttps:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

NIH NLM Logo
Log inShow account info
Access keysNCBI HomepageMyNCBI HomepageMain ContentMain Navigation
pubmed logo
Advanced Clipboard
User Guide

Full text links

Elsevier Science full text link Elsevier Science Free PMC article
Full text links

Actions

Share

Review
.2017 Dec 20;96(6):1239-1251.
doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.026.

White Matter Plasticity in the Adult Brain

Affiliations
Review

White Matter Plasticity in the Adult Brain

Cassandra Sampaio-Baptista et al. Neuron..

Abstract

The study of brain plasticity has tended to focus on the synapse, where well-described activity-dependent mechanisms are known to play a key role in learning and memory. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that plasticity occurs beyond the synapse. This review focuses on the emerging concept of white matter plasticity. For example, there is growing evidence, both from animal studies and from human neuroimaging, that activity-dependent regulation of myelin may play a role in learning. This previously overlooked phenomenon may provide a complementary but powerful route through which experience shapes the brain.

Keywords: MRI; learning; myelin; plasticity; white matter.

Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic of Sequence of Events in Myelin Formation and Remodeling (A–C) OPCs (A) proliferate then (B) differentiate into oligodendrocytes, which (C) establish axonal segments. (D) The number of myelin segments is established within a few hours. Axon size and activity influence which axons are myelinated (active axons indicated in light red). (E) Occasional retractions can occur after this period. (F) Myelin sheaths are wrapped around the selected axons. (G) Axonal activity potentially modulates myelin thickness and length after this period (active axon in red and inactive in blue).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Summary of Possible Activity or Learning-Dependent Structural Changes that May Occur in White Matter during Adulthood (A) OPC proliferation. (B) OPC differentiation. (C) New myelination by adult-born oligodendrocytes. (D) Vascular and glial changes. (E) Changes in the internode length. (F) Myelin remodeling (increases or decreases in thickness) by preexisting oligodendrocytes. (G) Axonal branching or pruning (not yet demonstrated in WM in response to experience). (H) Axon diameter increases or decreases. (I) Changes in nodes of Ranvier length.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Neuroimaging Findings of White Matter Plasticity in Humans and Rodents with Spatial and Motor Skills (A) Learning a spatial navigation task results in rapid decreases in MD in the fornix (Hofstetter et al., 2013). (B) Morris water maze task acquisition results in changes in WM and higher myelination (Blumenfeld-Katzir et al., 2011). (C) Learning a new motor skill results in increases in FA (Scholz et al., 2009). (D) Skill learning results in higher FA and higher myelination (Sampaio-Baptista et al., 2013). Error bars represent SE.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Alexander A.L., Hurley S.A., Samsonov A.A., Adluru N., Hosseinbor A.P., Mossahebi P., Tromp P.M., Zakszewski E., Field A.S. Characterization of cerebral white matter properties using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging stains. Brain Connect. 2011;1:423–446. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Althaus H.H., Montz H., Neuhoff V., Schwartz P. Isolation and cultivation of mature oligodendroglial cells. Naturwissenschaften. 1984;71:309–315. - PubMed
    1. Arancibia-Cárcamo I.L., Ford M.C., Cossell L., Ishida K., Tohyama K., Attwell D. Node of Ranvier length as a potential regulator of myelinated axon conduction speed. eLife. 2017;6 - PMC - PubMed
    1. Assaf Y., Basser P.J. Composite hindered and restricted model of diffusion (CHARMED) MR imaging of the human brain. Neuroimage. 2005;27:48–58. - PubMed
    1. Assaf Y., Blumenfeld-Katzir T., Yovel Y., Basser P.J. AxCaliber: a method for measuring axon diameter distribution from diffusion MRI. Magn. Reson. Med. 2008;59:1347–1354. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full text links
Elsevier Science full text link Elsevier Science Free PMC article
Cite
Send To

NCBI Literature Resources

MeSHPMCBookshelfDisclaimer

The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.

[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2025 Movatter.jp