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.2017 Jun 1:8:211.
doi: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00211. eCollection 2017.

A New Questionnaire for Estimating the Severity of Visual Height Intolerance and Acrophobia by a Metric Interval Scale

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A New Questionnaire for Estimating the Severity of Visual Height Intolerance and Acrophobia by a Metric Interval Scale

Doreen Huppert et al. Front Neurol..

Abstract

Aims: To construct and validate a short scale for the assessment of the severity of visual height intolerance (vHI) and acrophobia.

Methods: The questionnaire was developed from two earlier representative epidemiological studies (n = 5,529). Items were applied in a telephone survey of a representative population-based sample.

Results: A total of 1,960 persons were included. The life-time prevalence of vHI was 32.7% (f: 36.1%; m: 28.4%); 12% of these persons fulfilled the psychiatric criteria of acrophobia. Rasch analysis of 11 items on severity, symptoms, and triggers resulted in an 8-item scale with good fit to the model. The score differentiated well between persons with and without acrophobia. The distribution of the scores on the metric scale of the questionnaires of those individuals with acrophobia is separate and distinct from that of susceptibles without acrophobia, although there is some overlap.

Conclusion: Our proposed short questionnaire (vHISS, see Table 1 and Supplementary Material) allows a continuous quantification of the severity of vHI within a metric interval scale from 0 to 13. The diagnosis of acrophobia can be established by including two additional questions.

Keywords: Rasch analysis; acrophobia; fear of heights; metric interval scale; questionnaire; visual height intolerance.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Person-item threshold distribution map of the scale. This indicates how persons and their abilities relate to item difficulty. The smaller the item difficulty, the higher the probability that an item will be completed. The information curve indicates the proportion of information provided by the items.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Score distributions of the visual height intolerance severity scale stratified by presence (yes,n = 77) or absence (no,n = 562) of acrophobia. Histograms are shown with overlaid normal and kernel densities. Diamonds in box plots indicate mean scores, whiskers display the maximum and minimum observations below and above the 1.5 interquartile range (upper fence), circles are maximum values above the upper fence.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Association of self-reported severity of visual height intolerance (vHI) and the newly developed vHI severity score. Diamonds indicate mean scores, whiskers display the maximum and minimum observations below and above the 1.5 interquartile range (upper fence), circles are maximum values above the upper fence. The figure shows how subjects cannot reliably differentiate between “very strong” and “quite strong” or between “not strong” and “somewhat strong.”
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References

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