.2017 Sep:106:248-256.

doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.015. Epub 2017 Jun 8.

Prenatal naled and chlorpyrifos exposure is associated with deficits in infant motor function in a cohort of Chinese infants

Monica K Silver¹, Jie Shao², Binquan Zhu², Minjian Chen³, Yankai Xia³, Niko Kaciroti⁴, Betsy Lozoff⁵, John D Meeker⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
² Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
³ Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
⁴ Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
⁵ Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
⁶ Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: meekerj@umich.edu.

PMID:28602489
PMCID: PMC5533622
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.015

Prenatal naled and chlorpyrifos exposure is associated with deficits in infant motor function in a cohort of Chinese infants

Monica K Silver et al. Environ Int.2017 Sep.

.2017 Sep:106:248-256.

doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.015. Epub 2017 Jun 8.

Authors

Monica K Silver¹, Jie Shao², Binquan Zhu², Minjian Chen³, Yankai Xia³, Niko Kaciroti⁴, Betsy Lozoff⁵, John D Meeker⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
² Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
³ Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
⁴ Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
⁵ Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
⁶ Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: meekerj@umich.edu.

PMID:28602489
PMCID: PMC5533622
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.015

Abstract

Background: Organophosphate insecticides (OPs) are used worldwide, yet despite nearly ubiquitous exposure in the general population, few have been studied outside the laboratory. Fetal brains undergo rapid growth and development, leaving them susceptible to long-term effects of neurotoxic OPs. The objective here was to investigate the extent to which prenatal exposure to OPs affects infant motor development.

Methods: 30 OPs were measured in umbilical cord blood using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in a cohort of Chinese infants. Motor function was assessed at 6-weeks and 9-months using Peabody Developmental Motor Scales 2nd edition (PDMS-2) (n=199). Outcomes included subtest scores: reflexes, stationary, locomotion, grasping, visual-motor integration (V-M), composite scores: gross (GM), fine (FM), total motor (TM), and standardized motor quotients: gross (GMQ), fine (FMQ), total motor (TMQ).

Results: Naled, methamidophos, trichlorfon, chlorpyrifos, and phorate were detected in ≥10% of samples. Prenatal naled and chlorpyrifos were associated with decreased 9-month motor function. Scores were 0.55, 0.85, and 0.90 points lower per 1ng/mL increase in log-naled, for V-M (p=0.04), FM (p=0.04), and FMQ (p=0.08), respectively. For chlorpyrifos, scores were 0.50, 1.98, 0.80, 1.91, 3.49, 2.71, 6.29, 2.56, 2.04, and 2.59 points lower for exposed versus unexposed infants, for reflexes (p=0.04), locomotion (p=0.02), grasping (p=0.05), V-M (p<0.001), GM (p=0.007), FM (p=0.002), TM (p<0.001), GMQ (p=0.01), FMQ (p=0.07), and TMQ (p=0.008), respectively. Girls appeared to be more sensitive to the negative effects of OPs on 9-month motor function than boys.

Conclusions: We found deficits in 9-month motor function in infants with prenatal exposure to naled and chlorpyrifos. Naled is being aerially sprayed to combat mosquitoes carrying Zika virus, yet this is the first non-occupational human study of its health effects. Delays in early-motor skill acquisition may be detrimental for downstream development and cognition.

Keywords: Motor development; Neurodevelopment; Organophosphate; Peabody, PDMS-2; Pesticide.

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Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

All authors declare they have no conflicts of interest

Figures

**Figure 1**
Sex-stratified change/difference (95%) in PDMS motor scores at 9 months by OP exposure^a 1.) Estimated change in 9-month motor score per 1 unit increase in OP exposure 2.) Difference in mean 9-month motor score by category of OP exposure^aModels adjusted for age at testing and cord ferritin^bCategories of OP exposure: high versus ND and medium versus ND^cCategories of OP exposure: exposed versus ND High/Medium/ND cut-offs (ng/mL): methamidophos >18.2/1.5–18.2/ND; trichlorfon >1.7/0.4–1.7/ND; chlorpyrifos ≥0.04/ND; phorate ≥1.8/ND^†p<0.10, *p<0.05, **p<0.01

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Comment in

Issues about the findings in the Silver et al. (2017) publication regarding Naled.
MacGregor JA.MacGregor JA.Environ Int. 2018 May;114:50-51. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.02.008. Epub 2018 Feb 22.Environ Int. 2018.PMID:29477018No abstract available.
Poor qualitative analysis of Naled necessarily leads to incorrect quantitative analysis.
Bhardwaj C, Patterson EE 2nd, Venter PJ.Bhardwaj C, et al.Environ Int. 2018 Jun;115:430-432. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.02.009. Epub 2018 Apr 4.Environ Int. 2018.PMID:29627077

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Prenatal naled and chlorpyrifos exposure is associated with deficits in infant motor function in a cohort of Chinese infants

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Prenatal naled and chlorpyrifos exposure is associated with deficits in infant motor function in a cohort of Chinese infants

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