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Comparative Study
.2017 May 9;7(5):e015549.
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015549.

Autism spectrum disorder: updated prevalence and comparison of two birth cohorts in a nationally representative Australian sample

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Comparative Study

Autism spectrum disorder: updated prevalence and comparison of two birth cohorts in a nationally representative Australian sample

Tamara May et al. BMJ Open..

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to (1) provide an update on the prevalence of parent-reported autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis and new information about teacher-reported ASD in two nationally representative Australian cohorts at ages 10-11 years, (2) examine differences in cohort demographic and clinical profiles and (3) compare the prevalence of teacher-reported ASD and any changes in categorisation over time across the cohorts.

Design: Secondary analyses were undertaken using data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC).

Participants: Children were recruited at kindergarten age (K cohort; birth year 1999/2000) and birth (B cohort; birth year 2003/2004), with follow-up of every 2 years for six waves.

Primary outcome measures: Parent-reported and teacher-reported ASD diagnosis was ascertained at three time points (waves 4-6).

Results: At age 10-11 years, the adjusted prevalence of parent-reported ASD diagnosis was 3.9% (95% CI 3.2 to 4.5) and 2.4% (95% CI 1.6 to 2.9) in the B and K cohorts, respectively. Teacher-reported prevalence of ASD was 1.7% (95% CI 1.2 to 2.1) in the B cohort and 0.9% (95% CI 0.56 to 1.14) in the K cohort. Parents reported fewer conduct and peer problems and teachers more pro-social behaviour in B relative to K cohort ASD children. Children reported only by parents in the later-born B cohort had milder behaviour problems than parent-agreed and teacher-agreed cases. Although individual switching to ASD from other categories from 8-9 to 10-11 years was low (K cohort n=5, B cohort n=6), teachers reported more children with ASD in the B than K cohort at 10-11 years and fewer children with emotional/ behavioural problems.

Conclusions: The higher prevalence of parent-reported and teacher-reported ASD diagnosis in the later-born cohort may be partially explained by identifying children with milder behavioural problems as ASD and a change in the use of diagnostic categories in schools.

Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder; epidemiology; prevalence.

© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Adjusted prevalence of ASD according to teacher and parent report in the birth (B) and kindergarten (K) cohorts with 95% CI.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Frequency of age of diagnosis in the birth (B) and kindergarten (K) cohorts according to parent report at 10–11 years.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Adjusted teacher-reported percentages of students requiring special assistance in school in the birth (B) and kindergarten (K) cohorts at 10–11 years of age.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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