Shifting paradigms in restoration of the world's coral reefs

Madeleine J H van Oppen^{1 2}, Ruth D Gates³, Linda L Blackall², Neal Cantin¹, Leela J Chakravarti^{1 4 5}, Wing Y Chan^{1 2}, Craig Cormick⁶, Angela Crean⁷, Katarina Damjanovic^{1 2}, Hannah Epstein^{1 4 5 8}, Peter L Harrison⁹, Thomas A Jones¹⁰, Margaret Miller¹¹, Rachel J Pears¹², Lesa M Peplow¹, David A Raftos¹³, Britta Schaffelke¹, Kristen Stewart¹⁴, Gergely Torda^{1 8}, David Wachenfeld¹², Andrew R Weeks², Hollie M Putnam³

Affiliations

¹ Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville MC, QLD, 4810, Australia.
² School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
³ Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Kaneohe, HI, 96744, USA.
⁴ AIMS@JCU, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
⁵ College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
⁶ ThinkOutsideThe, 12 Giffen Close, Holt, ACT, 2615, Australia.
⁷ School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
⁸ Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
⁹ Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia.
¹⁰ USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Forage and Range Research Laboratory, Logan, UT, 84322-6300, USA.
¹¹ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-National Marine Fisheries Service, Miami, FL, USA.
¹² Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, PO Box 1379, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia.
¹³ Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
¹⁴ SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 13210-2788, USA.

PMID:28247459
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13647

Review

Shifting paradigms in restoration of the world's coral reefs

Madeleine J H van Oppen et al. Glob Chang Biol.2017 Sep.

.2017 Sep;23(9):3437-3448.

doi: 10.1111/gcb.13647. Epub 2017 Mar 1.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville MC, QLD, 4810, Australia.
² School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
³ Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Kaneohe, HI, 96744, USA.
⁴ AIMS@JCU, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
⁵ College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
⁶ ThinkOutsideThe, 12 Giffen Close, Holt, ACT, 2615, Australia.
⁷ School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
⁸ Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
⁹ Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia.
¹⁰ USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Forage and Range Research Laboratory, Logan, UT, 84322-6300, USA.
¹¹ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-National Marine Fisheries Service, Miami, FL, USA.
¹² Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, PO Box 1379, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia.
¹³ Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
¹⁴ SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 13210-2788, USA.

PMID:28247459
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13647

Abstract

Many ecosystems around the world are rapidly deteriorating due to both local and global pressures, and perhaps none so precipitously as coral reefs. Management of coral reefs through maintenance (e.g., marine-protected areas, catchment management to improve water quality), restoration, as well as global and national governmental agreements to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (e.g., the 2015 Paris Agreement) is critical for the persistence of coral reefs. Despite these initiatives, the health and abundance of corals reefs are rapidly declining and other solutions will soon be required. We have recently discussed options for using assisted evolution (i.e., selective breeding, assisted gene flow, conditioning or epigenetic programming, and the manipulation of the coral microbiome) as a means to enhance environmental stress tolerance of corals and the success of coral reef restoration efforts. The 2014-2016 global coral bleaching event has sharpened the focus on such interventionist approaches. We highlight the necessity for consideration of alternative (e.g., hybrid) ecosystem states, discuss traits of resilient corals and coral reef ecosystems, and propose a decision tree for incorporating assisted evolution into restoration initiatives to enhance climate resilience of coral reefs.

Keywords: assisted evolution; climate change; coral reefs; global warming; hybrid ecosystems; rehabilitation; restoration; scleractinia.

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Shifting paradigms in restoration of the world's coral reefs

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