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.2016 Nov;7(6):931-944.
doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2016.09.004. Epub 2016 Sep 16.

In silico identification of T-type calcium channel blockers: A ligand-based pharmacophore mapping approach

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In silico identification of T-type calcium channel blockers: A ligand-based pharmacophore mapping approach

Tamanna Gandhi et al. J Adv Res.2016 Nov.

Abstract

Limited progress has been made in the quest to identify both selective and non-toxic T-type calcium channel blocking compounds. The present research work was directed toward slaking the same by identifying the selective three dimensional (3D) pharmacophore map for T-type calcium channel blockers (CCBs). Using HipHop module in the CATALYST 4.10 software, both selective and non-selective HipHop pharmacophore maps for T-type CCBs were developed to identify its important common pharmacophoric features. HipHop pharmacophore map of the selective T-type CCBs contained six different chemical features, namely ring aromatic (R), positive ionizable (P), two hydrophobic aromatic (Y), hydrophobic aliphatic (Z), hydrogen bond acceptor (H) and hydrogen bond donor (D). However, non-selective T-type CCBs contain all the above mentioned features except ring aromatic (R). The present ligand-based pharmacophore mapping approach could thus be utilized in classifying selective vs. non-selective T-type CCBs. Further, the model can be used for virtual screening of several small molecule databases.

Keywords: Calcium channel blocker; Catalyst; Drug design; HipHop; Pharmacophore; T-type.

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Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Training set compounds for pharmacophore model generations. CompoundsA,B andC are selective T-type CCBs, whileD andE are non-selective T-type CCBs.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The best selective pharmacophore map (a) Case I, Trial 2, Hypothesis 2, and (b): Case I, Trial 2, Hypothesis 6.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Pharmacophore mapping of most selective (potent) compoundA to selective hypothesis 2.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Pharmacophore mapping of compoundsB andC to selective hypothesis 6.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Pharmacophore mapping of the most selective (potent) compoundA to selective hypothesis 6.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
The best non-selective pharmacophore map (Case II, hypothesis 4).
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Pharmacophore mapping of selective (potent) compoundA to non-selective hypothesis 4.
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