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.2015 Dec 1;8(12):15993-9.
eCollection 2015.

Effect of immobilization stress on the appetite and stomach ghrelin expression in maternal mice

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Effect of immobilization stress on the appetite and stomach ghrelin expression in maternal mice

Bing Li et al. Int J Clin Exp Pathol..

Abstract

Maternal stress exerts long-lasting postnatal growth on offspring, which persist into adulthood. However, the effect of maternal stress on appetizing system has not been widely reported. In this study, we found that maternal immobilization stress (IS) during lactation resulted in low body weight and food intake. Immunohistochemistry showed an increase in stomach ghrelin protein expression. The central regulation of body weight and food intake occurs in the hypothalamus, which contains multiple neuronal systems that play important roles in the regulation of energy homeostasis. These systems including multiple neuropeptides involve in the ghrelin pathway of appetite regulation. Therefore, real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the change of mRNA expression of ghrelin pathway related hormones in order to explore the mechanisms involved in the appetite regulation. Expression levels of the hypothalamic 5-hydroxytryptamine 2c receptor (5-HT2cR) and 5-HT2bR, which are essential for the development and function of ghrelin and leptin, were decreased, as well as those of corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). While the expression of growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), neuropeptide-Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AgRP) showed an increase with significant difference. These results suggest that stress in a postpartum mother has persistent effects on the body weight of their offspring. Increased ghrelin and decreased leptin expression in the stomach may play a role in these effects.

Keywords: Maternal stress; appetizing system; ghrelin; stomach.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Body weight and food intake of maternal mice from postnatal day 1 to postnatal day 16. A. Body weight of maternal mice in IS group decreased significantly from postnatal 3 to postnatal 16. B. Food intake of maternal in the IS group showed a tendency to decrease without significant difference. *P < 0.05 compared with the control group.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Expression of ghrelin was observed using immunflurescence staining and western blot in the stomach of maternal mice. A. Immunofluorescence images for the transmitted differential (TD) interference image, with ghrelin fluorescence and DAPI nuclear staining. The number of ghrelin-positive cells (shown as green) per square millimeter (mm2) in the stomach was lower in the IS group compared with the control. B. The expression level of ghrelin relative to GAPDH in the stomach of maternal mice showed a tendency to increase in the IS group with significant difference (P < 0.05). C. The expression level of ghrelin measured using SDS-PAGE. *P < 0.05 compared with the control group (Control: n = 3; IS: n = 3).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of IS on the expression levels of ghrelin pathway related genes in maternal mice using RT-PCR relative to GAPDH. A. Gene expression profiles of ghrelin, leptin, GHSR and 5-HT 2bR in the stomach. B. Gene expression profiles of ghrelin, 5-HT 2cR, AgRP, NPY, POMC and CRF in the hypothalamus. Gene expression of GHSR, (Control: n = 8; IS: n = 7). **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 compared with the control group.
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