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.2016 Jan 27:6:19828.
doi: 10.1038/srep19828.

An approach to scoring cursorial limb proportions in carnivorous dinosaurs and an attempt to account for allometry

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An approach to scoring cursorial limb proportions in carnivorous dinosaurs and an attempt to account for allometry

W Scott Persons IV et al. Sci Rep..

Abstract

From an initial dataset of 53 theropod species, the general relationship between theropod lower-leg length and body mass is identified. After factoring out this allometric relationship, theropod hindlimb proportions are assessed irrespective of body mass. Cursorial-limb-proportion (CLP) scores derived for each of the considered theropod taxa offer a measure of the extent to which a particular species deviates in favour of higher or lower running speeds. Within the same theropod species, these CLP scores are found to be consistent across multiple adult specimens and across disparate ontogenetic stages. Early theropods are found to have low CLP scores, while the coelurosaurian tyrannosauroids and compsognathids are found to have high CLP scores. Among deinonychosaurs, troodontids have consistently high CLP scores, while many dromaeosaur taxa, including Velociraptor and Deinonychus, have low CLP scores. This indicates that dromaeosaurs were not, overall, a particularly cursorily adapted group. Comparisons between the CLP scores of Tyrannosaurus and specimens referred to the controversial genus Nanotyrannus indicate a strong discrepancy in cursorial adaptations, which supports the legitimacy of Nanotyrannus and the previous suggestions of ecological partitioning between Nanotyrannus and the contemporaneous Tyrannosaurus.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. The general observation that smaller-bodied non-avian theropods tend to have proportionately longer lower legs holds true across comparisons between distantly related taxa (A), closely related taxa (B), and ontogenetic stages within a single taxon (C).
All illustrations scaled to the same proximodistal femur length.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Log/log plot of femur vs. lower-leg length for the initial dataset of 53 theropod taxa.
The red line denotes the best-fit power curve and the dotted lines denote the confidence interval.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Theropod phylogeny, with CLP scores reported for individual species and average CLP scores reported for larger clades.
Figure 4
Figure 4. CLP scores vs. femur length for the multi-specimen andNanotyrannus datasets.
Herrerasaurus ischigualestensis n = 6, variance = 1.7, coefficient of variance = 0.09;Coelophysis bauri n = 10, variance = 2.6, coefficient of variance = −0.25;Allosaurus fragilis (n = 8, variance = 1.7, coefficient of variance = −0.16;Albertosaurus sarcophagus n = 4, variance = 1.4, coefficient of variance = 0.76;Gorgosaurus libratus n = 6, variance = 2.6, coefficient of variance = 0.08;Tyrannosaurus rex n = 5, variance = 7.5, coefficient of varianc = 0.22;Nanotyrannus lancensis n = 2, variance = 4.9, coefficient of variance = 0.06).
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