.2015 Aug;45(9-10):595-603.

doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.02.013. Epub 2015 May 18.

A novel Sarcocystis neurona genotype XIII is associated with severe encephalitis in an unexpectedly broad range of marine mammals from the northeastern Pacific Ocean

Lorraine Barbosa¹, Christine K Johnson², Dyanna M Lambourn³, Amanda K Gibson⁴, Katherine H Haman⁵, Jessica L Huggins⁶, Amy R Sweeny⁴, Natarajan Sundar⁴, Stephen A Raverty⁷, Michael E Grigg⁸

Affiliations

¹ Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Molecular Parasitology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
² Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
³ Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501, USA.
⁴ Molecular Parasitology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
⁵ Molecular Parasitology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology, Fisheries Centre, Marine Mammal Research Unit, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
⁶ Cascadia Research Collective, Olympia, WA 98501, USA.
⁷ University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology, Fisheries Centre, Marine Mammal Research Unit, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; Animal Health Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia V3G 2M3, Canada.
⁸ Molecular Parasitology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology, Fisheries Centre, Marine Mammal Research Unit, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada. Electronic address: griggm@niaid.nih.gov.

PMID:25997588
PMCID: PMC4490116
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.02.013

A novel Sarcocystis neurona genotype XIII is associated with severe encephalitis in an unexpectedly broad range of marine mammals from the northeastern Pacific Ocean

Lorraine Barbosa et al. Int J Parasitol.2015 Aug.

.2015 Aug;45(9-10):595-603.

doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.02.013. Epub 2015 May 18.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Molecular Parasitology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
² Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
³ Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501, USA.
⁴ Molecular Parasitology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
⁵ Molecular Parasitology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology, Fisheries Centre, Marine Mammal Research Unit, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
⁶ Cascadia Research Collective, Olympia, WA 98501, USA.
⁷ University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology, Fisheries Centre, Marine Mammal Research Unit, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; Animal Health Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia V3G 2M3, Canada.
⁸ Molecular Parasitology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology, Fisheries Centre, Marine Mammal Research Unit, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada. Electronic address: griggm@niaid.nih.gov.

PMID:25997588
PMCID: PMC4490116
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.02.013

Abstract

Sarcocystis neurona is an important cause of protozoal encephalitis among marine mammals in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. To characterise the genetic type of S. neurona in this region, samples from 227 stranded marine mammals, most with clinical or pathological evidence of protozoal disease, were tested for the presence of coccidian parasites using a nested PCR assay. The frequency of S. neurona infection was 60% (136/227) among pinnipeds and cetaceans, including seven marine mammal species not previously known to be susceptible to infection by this parasite. Eight S. neurona fetal infections identified this coccidian parasite as capable of being transmitted transplacentally. Thirty-seven S. neurona-positive samples were multilocus sequence genotyped using three genetic markers: SnSAG1-5-6, SnSAG3 and SnSAG4. A novel genotype, referred to as Type XIII within the S. neurona population genetic structure, has emerged recently in the northeastern Pacific Ocean and is significantly associated with an increased severity of protozoal encephalitis and mortality among multiple stranded marine mammal species.

Keywords: Coccidia; Encephalitis; Genotype; Marine mammal; Parasite; Protozoal disease; Sarcocystis neurona; SnSAG.

Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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Figures

**Fig. 1**
Distribution ofSarcocystis neurona infection among 227 stranded marine mammals across Washington and Oregon, USA, and southern British Columbia, Canada. Each symbol represents a single sampled individual; individuals are designated by species group according to symbol and by infection status by shade (negative, white; infected, black). Pacific Harbour Seals (n = 121) and Harbour Porpoises (n = 46) represented the largest sample groups. Additional species were grouped by species type (pinniped, cetacean, mustelid) and group composition is shown above. Distribution maps were constructed using geographical coordinates collected at the time of sampling in R (Version 3.0.1). Base map data: ©2015 Google.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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A novel Sarcocystis neurona genotype XIII is associated with severe encephalitis in an unexpectedly broad range of marine mammals from the northeastern Pacific Ocean

Affiliations

A novel Sarcocystis neurona genotype XIII is associated with severe encephalitis in an unexpectedly broad range of marine mammals from the northeastern Pacific Ocean

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Figures

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

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Medical