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.2014 Jul 28;41(14):5106-5113.
doi: 10.1002/2014GL060689. Epub 2014 Jul 25.

Local amplification of storm surge by Super Typhoon Haiyan in Leyte Gulf

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Local amplification of storm surge by Super Typhoon Haiyan in Leyte Gulf

Nobuhito Mori et al. Geophys Res Lett..

Abstract

Typhoon Haiyan, which struck the Philippines in November 2013, was an extremely intense tropical cyclone that had a catastrophic impact. The minimum central pressure of Typhoon Haiyan was 895 hPa, making it the strongest typhoon to make landfall on a major island in the western North Pacific Ocean. The characteristics of Typhoon Haiyan and its related storm surge are estimated by numerical experiments using numerical weather prediction models and a storm surge model. Based on the analysis of best hindcast results, the storm surge level was 5-6 m and local amplification of water surface elevation due to seiche was found to be significant inside Leyte Gulf. The numerical experiments show the coherent structure of the storm surge profile due to the specific bathymetry of Leyte Gulf and the Philippines Trench as a major contributor to the disaster in Tacloban. The numerical results also indicated the sensitivity of storm surge forecast.

Keywords: Seiche; storm surge; typhoon Haiyan.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Track and minimum central pressure of Typhoon Haiyan (o: satellite data, numbers correspond to Weather Research and Forecasting/Cloud Resolving Storm Simulator (WRF/CReSS) simulations as abbreviated in Table A1). (a) East Visayas and (b) Tacloban and surrounding area with survey data (circles: measured inundation height).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Maximum water surface elevation predicted by WRF-0550.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Water surface elevation, velocity components, and instantaneous and accumulated mass flux from the Pacific Ocean to Leyte Gulf along line A in Figure 2. (a) Water surface elevation, longitudinal (U), and latitudinal (V) depth-integrated velocity; (b) longitudinal and latitudinal mass flux (Fx andFy, respectively); (c) accumulated longitudinal and latitudinal mass flux (Fx andFy, respectively) and total mass increase (TV). In all graphs, red corresponds to longitudinal measurements, and blue lines correspond to latitudinal measurements.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Spectra of simulated water surface elevation from the outside to inside Leyte Gulf (colored lines indicate the different references points shown in Figure A8, and black vertical lines indicate a resonance frequency of 50, 100, or 200 km oscillation).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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