PEDOT-CNT coated electrodes stimulate retinal neurons at low voltage amplitudes and low charge densities
- PMID:25588201
- DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/12/1/016014
PEDOT-CNT coated electrodes stimulate retinal neurons at low voltage amplitudes and low charge densities
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare two different microelectrode materials--the conductive polymer composite poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT)-carbon nanotube(CNT) and titanium nitride (TiN)--at activating spikes in retinal ganglion cells in whole mount rat retina through stimulation of the local retinal network. Stimulation efficacy of the microelectrodes was analyzed by comparing voltage, current and transferred charge at stimulation threshold.
Approach: Retinal ganglion cell spikes were recorded by a central electrode (30 μm diameter) in the planar grid of an electrode array. Extracellular stimulation (monophasic, cathodic, 0.1-1.0 ms) of the retinal network was performed using constant voltage pulses applied to the eight surrounding electrodes. The stimulation electrodes were equally spaced on the four sides of a square (400 × 400 μm). Threshold voltage was determined as the pulse amplitude required to evoke network-mediated ganglion cell spiking in a defined post stimulus time window in 50% of identical stimulus repetitions. For the two electrode materials threshold voltage, transferred charge at threshold, maximum current and the residual current at the end of the pulse were compared.
Main results: Stimulation of retinal interneurons using PEDOT-CNT electrodes is achieved with lower stimulation voltage and requires lower charge transfer as compared to TiN. The key parameter for effective stimulation is a constant current over at least 0.5 ms, which is obtained by PEDOT-CNT electrodes at lower stimulation voltage due to its faradaic charge transfer mechanism.
Significance: In neuroprosthetic implants, PEDOT-CNT may allow for smaller electrodes, effective stimulation in a safe voltage regime and lower energy-consumption. Our study also indicates, that the charge transferred at threshold or the charge injection capacity per se does not determine stimulation efficacy.
Similar articles
- Evaluation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/carbon nanotube neural electrode coatings for stimulation in the dorsal root ganglion.Kolarcik CL, Catt K, Rost E, Albrecht IN, Bourbeau D, Du Z, Kozai TD, Luo X, Weber DJ, Cui XT.Kolarcik CL, et al.J Neural Eng. 2015 Feb;12(1):016008. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/12/1/016008. Epub 2014 Dec 8.J Neural Eng. 2015.PMID:25485675Free PMC article.
- In vitro and in vivo evaluation of PEDOT microelectrodes for neural stimulation and recording.Venkatraman S, Hendricks J, King ZA, Sereno AJ, Richardson-Burns S, Martin D, Carmena JM.Venkatraman S, et al.IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2011 Jun;19(3):307-16. doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2011.2109399. Epub 2011 Jan 31.IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2011.PMID:21292598
- Highly stable carbon nanotube doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) for chronic neural stimulation.Luo X, Weaver CL, Zhou DD, Greenberg R, Cui XT.Luo X, et al.Biomaterials. 2011 Aug;32(24):5551-7. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.04.051. Epub 2011 May 20.Biomaterials. 2011.PMID:21601278Free PMC article.
- Electrochemical polymerization of conducting polymers in living neural tissue.Richardson-Burns SM, Hendricks JL, Martin DC.Richardson-Burns SM, et al.J Neural Eng. 2007 Jun;4(2):L6-L13. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/4/2/L02. Epub 2007 Feb 2.J Neural Eng. 2007.PMID:17409471Review.
- Methods of poly(3,4)-ethylenedioxithiophene (PEDOT) electrodeposition on metal electrodes for neural stimulation and recording.Niederhoffer T, Vanhoestenberghe A, Lancashire HT.Niederhoffer T, et al.J Neural Eng. 2023 Jan 31;20(1). doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/acb084.J Neural Eng. 2023.PMID:36603213Review.
Cited by
- Charge injection based electrical stimulation on polypyrrole planar electrodes to regulate cellular osteogenic differentiation.Liu Z, Dong L, Cheng K, Luo Z, Weng W.Liu Z, et al.RSC Adv. 2018 May 21;8(33):18470-18479. doi: 10.1039/c8ra02601g. eCollection 2018 May 17.RSC Adv. 2018.PMID:35541122Free PMC article.
- Nanofibrous PEDOT-Carbon Composite on Flexible Probes for Soft Neural Interfacing.Vajrala VS, Saunier V, Nowak LG, Flahaut E, Bergaud C, Maziz A.Vajrala VS, et al.Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021 Nov 26;9:780197. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.780197. eCollection 2021.Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021.PMID:34900968Free PMC article.
- Neuro-Nano Interfaces: Utilizing Nano-Coatings and Nanoparticles to Enable Next-Generation Electrophysiological Recording, Neural Stimulation, and Biochemical Modulation.Young AT, Cornwell N, Daniele MA.Young AT, et al.Adv Funct Mater. 2018 Mar 21;28(12):1700239. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201700239. Epub 2017 Jun 7.Adv Funct Mater. 2018.PMID:33867903Free PMC article.
- Potential therapeutic strategies for photoreceptor degeneration: the path to restore vision.Karamali F, Behtaj S, Babaei-Abraki S, Hadady H, Atefi A, Savoj S, Soroushzadeh S, Najafian S, Nasr Esfahani MH, Klassen H.Karamali F, et al.J Transl Med. 2022 Dec 7;20(1):572. doi: 10.1186/s12967-022-03738-4.J Transl Med. 2022.PMID:36476500Free PMC article.Review.
- System of Implantable Electrodes for Neural Signal Acquisition and Stimulation for Wirelessly Connected Forearm Prosthesis.Ionescu ON, Franti E, Carbunaru V, Moldovan C, Dinulescu S, Ion M, Dragomir DC, Mihailescu CM, Lascar I, Oproiu AM, Neagu TP, Costea R, Dascalu M, Teleanu MD, Ionescu G, Teleanu R.Ionescu ON, et al.Biosensors (Basel). 2024 Jan 9;14(1):31. doi: 10.3390/bios14010031.Biosensors (Basel). 2024.PMID:38248408Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
Related information
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources