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Comparative Study
.2015 Feb;161(2-3):283-90.
doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.11.020. Epub 2014 Dec 5.

Sensory gating disturbances in the spectrum: similarities and differences in schizotypal personality disorder and schizophrenia

Affiliations
Comparative Study

Sensory gating disturbances in the spectrum: similarities and differences in schizotypal personality disorder and schizophrenia

Erin A Hazlett et al. Schizophr Res.2015 Feb.

Abstract

Background: DSM-5 places schizophrenia on a continuum from severe, chronic schizophrenia to the attenuated schizophrenia-like traits of schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), the prototypic schizophrenia-related personality disorder. SPD shares common genetic and neurobiological substrates with schizophrenia, including information processing abnormalities, although they are less marked. This is the first study to directly compare the P50 evoked electroencephalographic response-a measure of sensory gating and a neurophysiological endophenotype-between schizophrenia-spectrum groups. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) Compared with healthy controls (HCs), schizophrenia patients show reduced P50 suppression and SPD patients resemble schizophrenia but exhibit less marked deficits; and (2) Deficient P50 suppression in SPD is associated with greater clinical symptom severity.

Methods: P50 was assessed in 32 schizophrenia-spectrum disorder patients (12 SPD, 20 schizophrenia patients) and 25 demographically-matched HCs. The standard conditioning (C)-testing (T) paradigm was used and P50 suppression was quantified using the T-C difference and the T/C ratio.

Results: All P50 measures showed a linear, stepwise pattern with the SPD group intermediate between the HC and schizophrenia groups. Compared with HCs, both patient groups had lower conditioning and T-C difference values. Among the SPD group, greater clinical symptom severity was associated with greater conditioning-response amplitude deficits.

Conclusion: These findings: (1) are novel in showing that P50 deficits in SPD resemble those observed in schizophrenia, albeit less marked; (2) support the concept that the phenomenological link between SPD and schizophrenia lies in shared neurocognitive/neurophysiological pathologies; and (3) provide evidence that P50 is a neurophysiological endophenotype for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.

Keywords: Event-related potential; Evoked potential; P50; Psychophysiology; Schizophrenia; Schizotypal personality disorder; Sensory gating.

Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest

All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
P50 amplitude for each of the three diagnostic groups is shown for both the conditioning and test stimuli. Compared with the healthy control (HC) group, P50 amplitude for the conditioning stimulus was significantly smaller in both the schizophrenia and the schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) groups. The P50 conditioning stimulus amplitude for the SPD group was intermediate between the HC and schizophrenia groups and while it was significantly smaller compared with the HC group, it did not differ from the schizophrenia group. There were no group differences for P50 amplitude to the test stimulus. *p<0.05, Fisher’s LSD test. Error bars are standard error of the mean.
Figure 2
Figure 2
P50 Test-Conditioning difference scores are shown for the three groups. Schizophrenia patients showed significantly smaller T-C difference scores compared with both the healthy control (HC) and schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) groups. The SPD group was intermediate between the HC and schizophrenia groups and significantly differed from both. *p<0.05, Fisher’s LSD test. Error bars are standard error of the mean.
Figure 3
Figure 3
P50 T/C ratio scores are shown for the three groups. Schizophrenia patients showed significantly greater T/C ratio scores compared with both the HC and SPD groups. The SPD group was intermediate between the HC and schizophrenia groups but only differed significantly from the schizophrenia group. *p<0.05, Fisher’s LSD test. Error bars are standard error of the mean.
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