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.2014 Aug 15:10:182.
doi: 10.1186/s12917-014-0182-y.

Bovine tuberculosis slaughter surveillance in the United States 2001-2010: assessment of its traceback investigation function

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Bovine tuberculosis slaughter surveillance in the United States 2001-2010: assessment of its traceback investigation function

Heather M Humphrey et al. BMC Vet Res..

Abstract

Background: The success of tracing cattle to the herd of origin after the detection and confirmation of bovine tuberculosis (TB) lesions in cattle at slaughter is a critical component of the national bovine TB eradication program in the United States (U.S.). The aims of this study were to 1) quantify the number of bovine TB cases identified at slaughter that were successfully traced to their herd of origin in the U.S. during 2001-2010, 2) quantify the number of successful traceback investigations that found additional TB infected animals in the herd of origin or epidemiologically linked herds, and 3) describe the forms of animal identification present on domestic bovine TB cases and their association with traceback success.

Results: We analyzed 2001-2010 data in which 371 granulomatous lesions were confirmed as bovine TB. From these 114 bovine TB cases, 78 adults (i.e. sexually intact bovines greater than two years of age), and 36 fed (i.e. less than or equal to two years of age) were classified as domestic cattle (U.S. originated). Of these adults and fed cases, 83% and 13% were successfully traced, respectively. Of these traceback investigations, 70% of adult cases and 50% of fed cases identified additional bovine TB infected animals in the herd of origin or an epidemiologically linked herd. We found that the presence of various forms of animal identification on domestic bovine TB cases at slaughter may facilitate successful traceback investigations; however, they do not guarantee it.

Conclusions: These results provide valuable information with regard to epidemiological traceback investigations and serve as a baseline to aid U.S. officials when assessing the impact of newly implemented strategies as part of the national bovine TB eradication in the U.S.

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Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution by age of successful traceback investigations to a herd of origin in the U.S. and number that yielded at least one affected herd, 2001–2010. Of the 334 fed bovine TB cases identified at slaughter between 2001–2010, the majority (256, 77%) were classified as imported animals (254 from Mexico and 2 from Canada). Traceback to a herd of origin for these animals was beyond the scope of this study. Seventy-eight (23%) were determined to be domestic, potentially having a herd of origin in the U.S. From these domestic fed bovine TB cases, 10 (13%) were successfully traced to a herd of origin in the U.S. and 68 (87%) cases were not. As part of the traceback investigations on the 10 domestic fed bovine TB cases identified at slaughter that were successfully traced to a herd of origin in the U.S., in 5 of them additional infected animals (affected herds) were identified when either the herd of origin or an epidemiologically linked herd (identified through secondary trace-in or trace-out investigations) were tested using the official bovine TB program tests. Of the 37 adult bovine TB cases identified at slaughter between 2001–2010, 1 was determined to be imported (from Canada) and 36 (97%) domestic. From these domestic adult bovine TB cases, 30 (83%) were successfully traced to a herd of origin in the U.S. and 6 (17%) were not. As part of the traceback investigations on the 30 domestic adult bovine TB cases identified at slaughter that were successfully traced to a herd of origin in the U.S., in 21 (70%) of these additional infected animals (affected herds) were identified when either the herd of origin or an epidemiologically linked herd (identified through secondary trace-in or trace-out investigations) were tested using the official bovine TB program tests.
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