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.2014 May 27;111(21):7537-41.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1319253111. Epub 2014 May 12.

Rapid short-term cooling following the Chicxulub impact at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary

Affiliations

Rapid short-term cooling following the Chicxulub impact at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary

Johan Vellekoop et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A..

Abstract

The mass extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, ∼ 66 Ma, is thought to be caused by the impact of an asteroid at Chicxulub, present-day Mexico. Although the precise mechanisms that led to this mass extinction remain enigmatic, most postulated scenarios involve a short-lived global cooling, a so-called "impact winter" phase. Here we document a major decline in sea surface temperature during the first months to decades following the impact event, using TEX86 paleothermometry of sediments from the Brazos River section, Texas. We interpret this cold spell to reflect, to our knowledge, the first direct evidence for the effects of the formation of dust and aerosols by the impact and their injection in the stratosphere, blocking incoming solar radiation. This impact winter was likely a major driver of mass extinction because of the resulting global decimation of marine and continental photosynthesis.

Keywords: Climate change; K-Pg boundary; bolide impact; organic paleothermometry.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
A paleogeographic map of the Gulf of Mexico at the end of the Cretaceous. The Brazos-1 locality (red dot) and the Chicxulub crater are indicated, as well as other sites (green dots) with K–Pg impact-related tsunamites, slumping, faulting, and sliding compiled in ref. . Paleogeography based on ref. .
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
Sample positions of the 1995 sample set, plotted with lithological units, mean grain size on the Krumbein phi (φ) scale, and four different Iridium profiles, from refs. –. A closely spaced sample set was obtained to acquire a high temporal resolution.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.
Age model,TEX86H, and grain size results at the Brazos-1 section. (A) Lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy, including calcareous nannofossil, planktic foraminifera, and dinocyst biostratigraphy, at Brazos-1. (B)TEX86H-based paleo-SST reconstruction. (C) Zoom of theTEX86H record across the K–Pg boundary interval. (D) Four different Ir records across the K–Pg boundary interval at Brazos-1, from refs. – (SI Age Model). (E) Lithology and grain size distribution on the Krumbein phi (φ) scale across the K–Pg boundary interval and first appearance datums of the first Danian dinocyst marker species.
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References

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