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.2014 Jul;20(7):920-8.
doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.03.029. Epub 2014 Mar 30.

Depletion of host CCR7(+) dendritic cells prevented donor T cell tissue tropism in anti-CD3-conditioned recipients

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Depletion of host CCR7(+) dendritic cells prevented donor T cell tissue tropism in anti-CD3-conditioned recipients

Wei He et al. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant.2014 Jul.

Abstract

We reported previously that anti-CD3 mAb treatment before hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) prevented graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and preserved graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects in mice. These effects were associated with downregulated donor T cell expression of tissue-specific homing and chemokine receptors, marked reduction of donor T cell migration into GVHD target tissues, and deletion of CD103(+) dendritic cells (DCs) in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). MLN CD103(+) DCs and peripheral lymph node (PLN) DCs include CCR7(+) and CCR7(-) subsets, but the role of these DC subsets in regulating donor T cell expression of homing and chemokine receptors remain unclear. Here, we show that recipient CCR7(+), but not CCR7(-), DCs in MLN induced donor T cell expression of gut-specific homing and chemokine receptors in a retinoid acid-dependent manner. CCR7 regulated activated DC migration from tissue to draining lymph node, but it was not required for the ability of DCs to induce donor T cell expression of tissue-specific homing and chemokine receptors. Finally, anti-CD3 treatment depleted CCR7(+) but not CCR7(-) DCs by inducing sequential expansion and apoptosis of CCR7(+) DCs in MLN and PLN. Apoptosis of CCR7(+) DCs was associated with DC upregulation of Fas expression and natural killer cell but not T, B, or dendritic cell upregulation of FasL expression in the lymph nodes. These results suggest that depletion of CCR7(+) host-type DCs, with subsequent inhibition of donor T cell migration into GVHD target tissues, can be an effective approach in prevention of acute GVHD and preservation of GVL effects.

Keywords: Anti-CD3; CCR7; Dendritic cell; Tissue tropism; Transplantation.

Copyright © 2014 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Conflict of interest statement

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. CCR7+ DC subset in MLN was necessary for induction of gut-homing receptor expression by donor T cells
(A) Mononuclear cells of MLN and PLN from BALB/c mice 7 days after treatment with PBS or anti-CD3 were stained for CD11c, CCR7, and CD103. Gated CD11c+ cells are shown as CCR7 versus CD103 staining. A representative flow cytometry pattern and the percentage and yield (mean ± SE, N=4) of CCR7+ DC subsets and total CD11c+ cell yield from 1 of 4 replicate experiments are shown.(B) CD11c+CD103+ DCs from MLN of untreated BALB/c mice were sorted into CCR7+ and CCR7− subsets. Each subset (0.05 × 106) was co-cultured with C57BL/6 T cells (0.1 × 106) for 4 days. Thereafter, cultured cells were stained with CD4, CD8, α4β7, and CCR9. Gated CD4+ or CD8+ T cells are shown as CD4 or CD8 vs α4β7 or CCR9 staining. A representative flow cytometry pattern and the percentages (mean ± SE) of α4β7+ or CCR9+ cells among CD4+ or CD8+ T cells from 1 of 3 replicate experiments are shown. (C) Total RNA was isolated from sorted CCR7+ and CCR7− DCs from MLN and PLN of untreated BALB/c mice, and RALDH expression was analyzed by real-time PCR. Relative expression levels (mean ± SE) from 3 replicate experiments are shown. (D–F) Seven days after treatment with PBS or anti-CD3, CD11c+ DCs from host-type BALB/c MLN were sorted. The sorted CD11c+ cells (0.1 × 106) from PBS- or anti-CD3-treated mice were first co-cultured with splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (0.2 × 106) from donor-type C57BL/6(D); then, the sorted CD11c+ DCs from anti-CD3-treated mice were co-cultured with the donor T cells in the presence or absence of RA(E); finally, the sorted CD11c+ DCs from PBS-treated control mice were cultured with the donor T cells in the presence or absence of RA antagonist LE135 (1 µM)(E). After culture for 4 days, expression of α4β7 and CCR9 by the cultured T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Percentages (mean ± SE, N = 4) of α4β7+ or CCR9+ cells among CD4+ or CD8+ T cells are shown.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Preconditioning with anti-CD3 mAb inhibited CCR7+ DC migration from gut tissue to MLN
(A) Experimental diagram: C57BL/6 mice were treated with anti-CD3 or PBS. Seven days after treatment, mice were given 50 mg OVA orally (P.O.). One day later, CD11c+ DCs (0.1× 106) sorted from MLN were cultured for 4 days with sorted CD8+ T cells (0.2 × 106) from OT-I TCR transgenic C57BL/6 mice, and expression of α4β7 and CCR9 by OT-I T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. (B) A FACS pattern of α4β7+ and CCR9+ cells among OT-I CD8+ T cells (left) and the percentages (mean ± SE) of α4β7+ and CCR9+ cells among CD8+ T cells (right) are representative results from 1 of 3 replicate experiments. (C) CD45.1+ congenic C57BL/6 mice were treated with PBS or anti-CD3. Seven days after treatment, OT-I CD8+ T cells from CD45.2+ OT-I transgenic C57BL/6 mice were injected into the treated CD45.1+ congenic recipients. One day later, recipients were given 50 mg OVA P.O. or 5mg OVA i.p. Three days later, expression of α4β7 and CCR9 by CD45.2+ OT-I CD8+ T cells in MLN was analyzed by flow cytometry. FACS patterns (left) and the percentages (mean ± SE) of α4β7+ or CCR9+ cells among OT-I CD8+ T cells (right) are representative results from 1 of 3 replicate experiments.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Deficiency of CCR7 expression on DCs in MLN of mice did not impair DC’s ability in inducing donor T cell expression of gut-tropic homing and chemokine receptors
(A) The MLN from wild-typed and CCR7−/− C57BL/6 mice were harvested and mononuclear cells were stained for CD11c and CD103. The mean yield of total CD11c+, the percentage and yield of CD103+ DCs among CD11chigh cells are shown (left). Each group contains 4 mice.(B) CD11c+CD103+ DCs (0.1×106) in MLN from WT and CCR7−/− mice were sorted by FACS after magnetic enrichment of CD11c+ cells and co-cultured with CD4+ or CD8+ T cells from BALB/c mice in U-bottom 96-cell plates for 4 days. Expression of α4β7 and CCR9 by the cultured T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Mean ± SE is shown from 4 replicate experiments.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Treatment with anti-CD3 mAb induced sequential expansion and apoptosis of CCR7+ DC in MLN and PLN
(A and B) BALB/c mice were treated with anti-CD3 mAb.(A–C) At the indicated time-points, mononuclear cells from MLN and PLN were analyzed for the percentages and numbers of total CD11c+ DCs and the CD11c+CCR7+ and CD11c+CCR7− subsets by flow cytometry. Results are shown as the kinetic curve of the mean ± SE of 5 replicate experiments. (D) Eight hours after antibody injection, MLNs were harvested (N = 4 mice) and tissue sections were stained as follows: TUNEL indicating apoptosis (green), CD11c (red), CCR7 (blue) and DAPI (light blue). Slides were imaged at 40x magnification. Insets show 8× magnified view of image. Arrows indicate apoptotic CCR7+ DCs (lower panel) and non-apoptotic CCR7− DCs (upper panel). Apoptotic CCR7+ or CCR7− DCs were counted and shown as a percentage of CCR7+ or CCR7− DCs, respectively (N=4 mice, mean± SE). (E–F) Eight hours after antibody injection, mononuclear cells from MLN or PLN were stained for CD11c, CCR7 and Annexin V or Fas. Histograms of Annexin V or Fas staining on gated CD11chi CCR7+ cells (blue line) and CD11chi CCR7− cells (black line) are shown. Results are representative of 3 replicate experiments. (G–I) Eight hours after anti-CD3 injection, mononuclear cells from the MLN and PLN were stained for DX5, Thy1.2, CD19, or CD11c versus FasL. Gated(G) DX5+,(H) Thy1.2+,(I) CD19+, or(J) CD11c+ cells were shown in histogram of FasL.(G–I) Histograms are overlaid: with or without anti-CD3-preconditioning and negative control. Negative control is filled in grey, non-conditioned BALB/c is red, and anti-CD3-preconditoned is blue.(J) Histograms are overlaid: CCR7+ CD11c+, CCR7− CD11c+ and negative control. Negative control is filled in grey, CCR7−CD11c− is red, and CCR7+CD11c+ is blue. Results are representative of N=4 mice per group.
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