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.2013 Dec 11;281(1776):20132167.
doi: 10.1098/rspb.2013.2167. Print 2014 Feb 7.

Faunal record identifies Bering isthmus conditions as constraint to end-Pleistocene migration to the New World

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Faunal record identifies Bering isthmus conditions as constraint to end-Pleistocene migration to the New World

Meirav Meiri et al. Proc Biol Sci..

Abstract

Human colonization of the New World is generally believed to have entailed migrations from Siberia across the Bering isthmus. However, the limited archaeological record of these migrations means that details of the timing, cause and rate remain cryptic. Here, we have used a combination of ancient DNA, 14C dating, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, and collagen sequencing to explore the colonization history of one of the few other large mammals to have successfully migrated into the Americas at this time: the North American elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis), also known as wapiti. We identify a long-term occupation of northeast Siberia, far beyond the species's current Old World distribution. Migration into North America occurred at the end of the last glaciation, while the northeast Siberian source population became extinct only within the last 500 years. This finding is congruent with a similar proposed delay in human colonization, inferred from modern human mitochondrial DNA, and suggestions that the Bering isthmus was not traversable during parts of the Late Pleistocene. Our data imply a fundamental constraint in crossing Beringia, placing limits on the age and mode of human settlement in the Americas, and further establish the utility of ancient DNA in palaeontological investigations of species histories.

Keywords: Bering isthmus; Beringia; Pleistocene; ancient DNA; wapiti.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
(a) Bayesian phase-modelled timing of the late-glacial colonization of Alaska and Yukon by brown bears, cave lions, moose, wapiti and humans. The distributions are start boundaries. (b) Finite radiocarbon dates of wapiti occupying northeast Siberia plotted against NorthGRIP δ18O data. (Online version in colour.)
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Map showing approximate locations of ancientCervus remains sampled in this study. Colours correspond to geographical locations: purple, North America; blue, northeast Siberia; green, central Asia; red, east China; black, samples that did not yield DNA.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
MSN representing 65 haplotypes of wapiti. Lines represent a single mutation step. The black circles and numbers (higher than 10) represent missing haplotypes.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Bayesian skyline plot derived from the analysis of modern and ancient wapiti sequences from northeast Siberia and North America. Only sequences with finite radiocarbon dates were included in the analysis, using a fixed clock and partitioned by gene region. Thex-axis is in calibrated radiocarbon years BP, and they-axis is the calculated effective population size using a generation time of 7 years. The dashed line represents median values, and the shaded area represents the 95% highest posterior density (HPD) limits.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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