Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
Thehttps:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

NIH NLM Logo
Log inShow account info
Access keysNCBI HomepageMyNCBI HomepageMain ContentMain Navigation
pubmed logo
Advanced Clipboard
User Guide

Full text links

BioMed Central full text link BioMed Central Free PMC article
Full text links

Actions

Share

.2013 Nov 4:9:223.
doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-223.

Wildlife health investigations: needs, challenges and recommendations

Affiliations

Wildlife health investigations: needs, challenges and recommendations

Marie-Pierre Ryser-Degiorgis. BMC Vet Res..

Abstract

In a fast changing world with growing concerns about biodiversity loss and an increasing number of animal and human diseases emerging from wildlife, the need for effective wildlife health investigations including both surveillance and research is now widely recognized. However, procedures applicable to and knowledge acquired from studies related to domestic animal and human health can be on partly extrapolated to wildlife. This article identifies requirements and challenges inherent in wildlife health investigations, reviews important definitions and novel health investigation methods, and proposes tools and strategies for effective wildlife health surveillance programs. Impediments to wildlife health investigations are largely related to zoological, behavioral and ecological characteristics of wildlife populations and to limited access to investigation materials. These concerns should not be viewed as insurmountable but it is imperative that they are considered in study design, data analysis and result interpretation. It is particularly crucial to remember that health surveillance does not begin in the laboratory but in the fields. In this context, participatory approaches and mutual respect are essential. Furthermore, interdisciplinarity and open minds are necessary because a wide range of tools and knowledge from different fields need to be integrated in wildlife health surveillance and research. The identification of factors contributing to disease emergence requires the comparison of health and ecological data over time and among geographical regions. Finally, there is a need for the development and validation of diagnostic tests for wildlife species and for data on free-ranging population densities. Training of health professionals in wildlife diseases should also be improved. Overall, the article particularly emphasizes five needs of wildlife health investigations: communication and collaboration; use of synergies and triangulation approaches; investments for the long term; systematic collection of metadata; and harmonization of definitions and methods.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Detection of diseased animals by camera traps set by hunters and game-wardens.A. Marked enlargement of the lower jaw in a roe deer (Picture: Martin Wyler).B. First detection of sarcoptic mange in a wild boar in Switzerland (Picture: Alex Hofer). Notice the extended alopecia on the ventral parts of the body.C. Eurasian lynx affected by sarcoptic mange (Picture: Pierre Jordan). The emaciation and shaggy fur are obvious. This animal was subsequently captured, marked and treated.D. Same lynx as on pictureC, six months after treatment (Picture: Pierre Jordan).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Yearly numbers of bird carcasses submitted to the Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Switzerland. The peak of submissions in 2006–2007 was associated with the avian influenza outbreak in Switzerland [101] and the recrudescence of cases in 2010 was partly due to an epidemic of salmonellosis in passerine birds [99].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Challenges inherent in wildlife health investigations.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Daszak P, Cunningham AA, Hyatt AD. Anthropogenic environmental change and the emergence of infectious diseases in wildlife. Acta Trop. 2001;78:103–116. doi: 10.1016/S0001-706X(00)00179-0. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Jones KE, Patel NG, Levy MA, Storeygard A, Balk D, Gittleman JL, Daszak P. Global trends in emerging infectious diseases. Nature. 2008;451:990–993. doi: 10.1038/nature06536. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Belant JL, Deese AR. Importance of wildlife disease surveillance. Human-Wildl Interactions. 2010;4:165–169.
    1. Artois M, Ben Jebara K, Warns-Petit E, Leighton FA. Animal health and biodiversity – preparing for the future (Compend OIE Global Conf Wildl) Paris, France: World Organization for Animal Health (OIE); 2012. National wildlife health surveillance systems; pp. 133–142.
    1. Artois M, Bengis R, Delahay RJ, Duchêne M-J, Duff JP, Ferroglio E, Gortázar C, Hutchings MR, Kock RA, Leighton FA, Mörner T, Smith GC. Management of disease in wild mammals. Tokyo, Japan: Springer; 2009. Wildlife disease surveillance and monitoring; pp. 187–214.

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources

Full text links
BioMed Central full text link BioMed Central Free PMC article
Cite
Send To

NCBI Literature Resources

MeSHPMCBookshelfDisclaimer

The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.

[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2025 Movatter.jp