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.2014 Jun;9(6):873-9.
doi: 10.1093/scan/nst060. Epub 2013 Apr 10.

Differential pattern of functional brain plasticity after compassion and empathy training

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Differential pattern of functional brain plasticity after compassion and empathy training

Olga M Klimecki et al. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci.2014 Jun.

Abstract

Although empathy is crucial for successful social interactions, excessive sharing of others' negative emotions may be maladaptive and constitute a source of burnout. To investigate functional neural plasticity underlying the augmentation of empathy and to test the counteracting potential of compassion, one group of participants was first trained in empathic resonance and subsequently in compassion. In response to videos depicting human suffering, empathy training, but not memory training (control group), increased negative affect and brain activations in anterior insula and anterior midcingulate cortex-brain regions previously associated with empathy for pain. In contrast, subsequent compassion training could reverse the increase in negative effect and, in contrast, augment self-reports of positive affect. In addition, compassion training increased activations in a non-overlapping brain network spanning ventral striatum, pregenual anterior cingulate cortex and medial orbitofrontal cortex. We conclude that training compassion may reflect a new coping strategy to overcome empathic distress and strengthen resilience.

Keywords: emotion; fMRI; insula; medial orbitofrontal cortex; social.

© The Author (2013). Published by Oxford University Press. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Experimental design. This longitudinal training study consisted of two groups: the affect group, which first received empathy training and subsequently compassion training, and the memory control group, which received two memory trainings. Participants were tested three times while watching videos depicting others suffering: before the first training (Pre) and after each training (Post1 and Post2). Details on the training regimes can be found in theSupplementary material.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
(A) Self-reported empathy and negative affect significantly increased after empathy training. Positive affect only increased after compassion training. (B) Memory, but not affect training, improved the number of correctly remembered words and the number of words remembered in the correct position. Error bars indicate standard error of mean.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
(A) Functional neural changes related to empathy (blue) and compassion training (red) in comparison with the memory control group (P < 0.05, FWE corrected). Regions in which changes related to empathy training overlap with a recent empathy for pain meta-analysis (Lammet al., 2011) are indicated by dashed lines. (B) Bar charts of changes in parameter estimates in the areas related to empathy training (Empathy Δ1 HE > Memory Δ1 HE). (C) Bar charts of changes in parameter estimates of the areas related to compassion training (Compassion Δ2 HE > Memory Δ2 HE). The values represent the mean activation of all voxels in one cluster; error bars depict standard error of mean.
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