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Review
.2012 Dec 12;280(1752):20122302.
doi: 10.1098/rspb.2012.2302. Print 2013 Feb 7.

Introgression of wing pattern alleles and speciation via homoploid hybridization in Heliconius butterflies: a review of evidence from the genome

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Review

Introgression of wing pattern alleles and speciation via homoploid hybridization in Heliconius butterflies: a review of evidence from the genome

Andrew V Z Brower. Proc Biol Sci..

Abstract

The diverse Müllerian mimetic wing patterns of neotropical Heliconius (Nymphalidae) have been proposed to be not only aposematic signals to potential predators, but also intra- and interspecific recognition signals that allow the butterflies to maintain their specific identities, and which perhaps drive the process of speciation, as well. Adaptive features under differential selection that also serve as cues for assortative mating have been referred to as 'magic traits', which can drive ecological speciation. Such traits are expected to exhibit allelic differentiation between closely related species with ongoing gene flow, whereas unlinked neutral traits are expected to be homogenized to a greater degree by introgression. However, recent evidence suggests that interspecific hybridization among Heliconius butterflies may have resulted in adaptive introgression of these very same traits across species boundaries, and in the evolution of new species by homoploid hybrid speciation. The theory and data supporting various aspects of the apparent paradox of 'magic trait' introgression are reviewed, with emphasis on population genomic comparisons of Heliconius melpomene and its close relatives.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Map of northwestern South America, illustrating diversity and distribution of geographical races of theHeliconius cydno (yellow dots) and its offshoots (red dots). Nomenclature follows Lamas [31] except for recently described taxa; names in quotation marks are infrasubspecific and not part of formal zoological nomenclature. See Rosseret al. [32] for detailed range information. Lettered forms are locally polymorphic. 1.H. cydno galanthus Bates, 1864; 2.H. cydno cydno Doubleday, 1847; 3.H. cydno cordula Neustetter, 1913; 4.H. cydno gadouae Brown & Fernández, 1985; 5.H. cydno barinasensis Masters, 1973; 6.H. cydno chioneus Bates, 1864; 7.H. cydno cydnides Staudinger, 1885; 8.H. cydno zelinde Butler, 1869; 9.H. pachinus Salvin, 1871; 10.H. cydno lisethae Neukirchen, 1995; 11a.H. cydno weymeri Staudinger, 1897; 11b.H. cydno weymeri f. ‘gustavi’; 12.H. cydno hermogenes Hewitson (1858); 13a.H. cydno alithea Hewitson, 1869; 13b.H. cydno alithea f. ‘haenschi’; 14. unnamed ‘H. cydno xH. melpomene hybrid’ (cf. [22]); 15.H. cydno wanningeri Neukirchen, 1991; 16.H. heurippa Hewitson, 1854; 17. unnamedH. cydno race (cf. [33]); 18.H. timareta florencia Giraldo, Salazar, Jiggins, Bermingham & Linares, 2008; 19.H. tristero Brower, 1996; 20a.H. timareta timareta f. ‘richardi’; 20b.H. timareta timareta f. ‘contiguus’; 20c.H. timareta timareta Hewitson, 1867; 21.H. timareta timareta f. ‘peregrina’; 22. unnamed species (cf. [29]); 23.H. timareta timoratus Lamas, 1998. Figure based on [3,25,32,34]. Form 14 was viewed as an interspecific hybrid based on itsH. melpomene-like wing pattern by Mavárezet al. [22], but is genetically associated at all loci examined withH. cydno and is thus hypothesized to be another unnamedH. cydno cognate [20]. All of the ‘red’ forms exceptH. timareta andH. heurippa have been discovered within the last 20 years.
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References

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