Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a common disorder, characterized by diffuse pain and tenderness, stiffness, fatigue, affective disorders and significant sleep pathology. A new set of diagnostic criteria have been developed which should make it easier for a busy clinician to diagnose the condition. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medications for the treatment of FMS have, for the most part, been geared to modulate the pain pathways to give the patient some degree of relief. A different kind of pharmacological agent, sodium oxybate (SXB), is described that is currently approved for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy in patients with narcolepsy. SXB, an endogenous metabolite of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-hydroxybutyrate, is thought to act independently as a neurotransmitter with a presumed ability to modulate numerous other central nervous system neurotransmitters. In addition SXB has been shown to robustly increase slow wave sleep and decrease sleep fragmentation. Several large clinical trials have demonstrated SXB's ability to statistically improve pain, fatigue and a wide array of quality of life measurements of patients with fibromyalgia. SXB is not FDA approved to treat fibromyalgia.

Dr Swick has received research grant support from Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, Cephalon, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi-Aventis, Somaxon, GlaxoSmithKline, UCB Pharma and Epix Pharmaceuticals. He is a consultant to Jazz Pharmaceuticals and is on the speaker's bureau of Jazz Pharmaceuticals and Sunovion (formally Sepracor). He was an investigator for the Jazz Pharmaceuticals OMC-SXB-26 funded study.