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Comment
.2012 May 22;109(21):7953-4.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1205591109. Epub 2012 May 14.

Apex predators and trophic cascades in large marine ecosystems: learning from serendipity

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Apex predators and trophic cascades in large marine ecosystems: learning from serendipity

Robert S Steneck. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A..
No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

The author declares no conflict of interest.

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Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Ghosts of apex predators past. Photo of Atlantic cod from coastal Maine circa 1880. (Image is in the public domain.)
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References

    1. Casini M, et al. Predator transitory spillover induces trophic cascades in ecological sinks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012;109:8185–8189. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Jackson JBC, et al. Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems. Science. 2001;293:629–637. - PubMed
    1. Estes JA, Steneck RS, Lindberg DR. Exploring the consequences of species interactions through the assembly and disassembly of food webs. A Pacific/Atlantic comparison. Bull Mar Sci. 2012 in press.
    1. Bourque BJ, Johnson B, Steneck RS. Possible prehistoric hunter-gatherer impacts on food web structure in the Gulf of Maine. In: Erlandson J, Torben R, editors. Human Impacts on Ancient Marine Environments. Univ of California Press; 2007. pp. 165–187.
    1. Worm B, Myers RA. Meta-analysis of cod-shrimp interactions reveals top-down control in oceanic food webs. Ecology. 2003;84(1):162–173.

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