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.2012;41 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):163-8.
doi: 10.1007/s13280-012-0274-5.

Design, engineering, and construction of photosynthetic microbial cell factories for renewable solar fuel production

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Design, engineering, and construction of photosynthetic microbial cell factories for renewable solar fuel production

Peter Lindblad et al. Ambio.2012.

Abstract

There is an urgent need to develop sustainable solutions to convert solar energy into energy carriers used in the society. In addition to solar cells generating electricity, there are several options to generate solar fuels. This paper outlines and discusses the design and engineering of photosynthetic microbial systems for the generation of renewable solar fuels, with a focus on cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic microorganisms with the same type of photosynthesis as higher plants. Native and engineered cyanobacteria have been used by us and others as model systems to examine, demonstrate, and develop photobiological H(2) production. More recently, the production of carbon-containing solar fuels like ethanol, butanol, and isoprene have been demonstrated. We are using a synthetic biology approach to develop efficient photosynthetic microbial cell factories for direct generation of biofuels from solar energy. Present progress and advances in the design, engineering, and construction of such cyanobacterial cells for the generation of a portfolio of solar fuels, e.g., hydrogen, alcohols, and isoprene, are presented and discussed. Possibilities and challenges when introducing and using synthetic biology are highlighted.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Overview of the general approach adopted in our laboratory to design, engineer, and analyze cyanobacteria for improved biofuel production. After establishing an initial hypothesis, bioinformatic investigations and careful literature reviews are carried out to, e.g., design genetic constructs, optimize codon utilization, and to develop the experimental set up (1). Once this is accomplished, follows the synthesis of DNA parts such as promoters, ribosomal binding sites, and genes to fit the specific host (2), which are then assembled in appropriate genetic vehicles (3). These genetic constructs are subsequently transferred to the cyanobacterial host (4) and the new engineered cyanobacterium can now be cultivated in purpose designed bioreactors under specific controlled conditions (5). After optimizing selected parameters, the engineered cyanobacterium is thoroughly tested to examine its novel capacities in biofuel production (6)—in the present figure, the biofuel produced is envisioned to be in the gas phase. In order to identify, e.g., bottlenecks and limiting steps in the metabolic pathways leading to the biofuel production, high-throughput data is acquired from multiple levels, including analyses of the organism’s transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome (7). Integrating these varied aspects into bioinformatic analyses can then elucidate further regulatory and metabolic networks (7). The identification of processes of importance to promote biofuel production and/or efficiency will lead to the generation of new hypotheses (8), which will then guide the process to a new level of engineering. Therefore, this process can cycle iteratively for additional improvements
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References

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