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.2011 Oct;96(10):3123-33.
doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-1614. Epub 2011 Aug 3.

Bone microarchitecture is impaired in adolescent amenorrheic athletes compared with eumenorrheic athletes and nonathletic controls

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Bone microarchitecture is impaired in adolescent amenorrheic athletes compared with eumenorrheic athletes and nonathletic controls

Kathryn E Ackerman et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.2011 Oct.

Abstract

Context: Bone mineral density (BMD) is lower in young amenorrheic athletes (AA) compared to eumenorrheic athletes (EA) and nonathletic controls and may contribute to fracture risk during a critical time of bone accrual. Abnormal bone microarchitecture is an independent determinant of fracture risk and has not been assessed in young athletes and nonathletes.

Objective: We hypothesized that bone microarchitecture is impaired in AA compared to EA and nonathletes despite weight-bearing exercise.

Design and setting: We conducted this cross-sectional study at the Clinical Research Center of Massachusetts General Hospital.

Subjects and outcome measures: We assessed BMD and bone microarchitecture in 50 subjects [16 AA, 18 EA, and 16 nonathletes (15-21 yr old)] using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography.

Results: Groups did not differ for chronological age, bone age, body mass index, or vitamin D levels. Lumbar BMD Z-scores were lower in AA vs. EA and nonathletes; hip and femoral neck BMD Z-scores were highest in EA. At the weight-bearing tibia, athletes had greater total area, trabecular area, and cortical perimeter than nonathletes, whereas cortical area and thickness trended lower in AA. Trabecular number was lower and trabecular separation higher in AA vs. EA and nonathletes. At the non-weight-bearing radius, trabecular density was lower in AA vs. EA and nonathletes. Later menarchal age was an important determinant of impaired microarchitecture. After controlling for covariates, subject grouping accounted for 18-24% of the variability in tibial trabecular number and separation.

Conclusion: In addition to low BMD, AA have impaired bone microarchitecture compared with EA and nonathletes. These are the first data to show abnormal bone microarchitecture in AA.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.govNCT00946192.

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Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Representative images from an AA, an EA, and a nonathletic control.Upper panel, Two-dimensional slice through the tibia;lower panel, three-dimensional image of a bone “wedge,” allowing visualization of the trabecular and cortical compartments.
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