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.2010 Sep;94(2):278-84.
doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2010.06.006. Epub 2010 Jun 30.

BDNF expression in perirhinal cortex is associated with exercise-induced improvement in object recognition memory

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BDNF expression in perirhinal cortex is associated with exercise-induced improvement in object recognition memory

Michael E Hopkins et al. Neurobiol Learn Mem.2010 Sep.

Abstract

Physical exercise induces widespread neurobiological adaptations and improves learning and memory. Most research in this field has focused on hippocampus-based spatial tasks and changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a putative substrate underlying exercise-induced cognitive improvements. Chronic exercise can also be anxiolytic and causes adaptive changes in stress-reactivity. The present study employed a perirhinal cortex-dependent object recognition task as well as the elevated plus maze to directly test for interactions between the cognitive and anxiolytic effects of exercise in male Long Evans rats. Hippocampal and perirhinal cortex tissue was collected to determine whether the relationship between BDNF and cognitive performance extends to this non-spatial and non-hippocampal-dependent task. We also examined whether the cognitive improvements persisted once the exercise regimen was terminated. Our data indicate that 4weeks of voluntary exercise every-other-day improved object recognition memory. Importantly, BDNF expression in the perirhinal cortex of exercising rats was strongly correlated with object recognition memory. Exercise also decreased anxiety-like behavior, however there was no evidence to support a relationship between anxiety-like behavior and performance on the novel object recognition task. There was a trend for a negative relationship between anxiety-like behavior and hippocampal BDNF. Neither the cognitive improvements nor the relationship between cognitive function and perirhinal BDNF levels persisted after 2weeks of inactivity. These are the first data demonstrating that region-specific changes in BDNF protein levels are correlated with exercise-induced improvements in non-spatial memory, mediated by structures outside the hippocampus and are consistent with the theory that, with regard to object recognition, the anxiolytic and cognitive effects of exercise may be mediated through separable mechanisms.

Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Novel object recognition at the end of 4 weeks of exercise. The data presented are the average discrimination ratios (±SEM) of each group, calculated as the time spent exploring the novel object divided by total time spent exploring both objects. A discrimination ratio of 0.5 indicates no discrimination between the novel and familiar objects, as indicated by the dotted line. Values significantly greater than 0.5 reflect successful discrimination, i.e., rats spent more time exploring the novel vs. familiar object. A) Immediately following the exercise period, exercising rats (X) successfully discriminated between the novel and familiar objects (p=0.001) while non-exercising rats (NX) did not discriminate (p=0.73). In addition, the discrimination ratio for exercising rats was significantly higher than the ratio for non-exercising rats (p=0.04). B) Exercise-induced improvements in object discrimination did not persist after 2 weeks of inactivity (X = formerly exercising rats; NX = formerly sedentary rats). Data are average discrimination ratios ± SEM.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Four weeks of exercise significantly reduced anxiety-like behavior in exercising rats (X) compared to non-exercisers (NX; p=0.02). Data are A) mean time (sec) spent in the open arms ± SEM and B) mean number of open arm entries ± SEM.
Figure 3
Figure 3
There was a significant positive correlation between object recognition performance and BDNF levels in the perirhinal cortex of exercising rats only.
Figure 4
Figure 4
There was a trend (p=0.056) toward a positive relationship between hippocampal BDNF and the number of open arm entries across both groups.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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