Review
doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2010.03.010. Epub 2010 Apr 17.The ciliary membrane
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- PMID:20399632
- PMCID: PMC2910237
- DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2010.03.010
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Review
The ciliary membrane
Rajat Rohatgi et al. Curr Opin Cell Biol.2010 Aug.
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Abstract
Cilia and flagella are important organizing centers for signaling in both development and disease. A key to their function is a poorly characterized barrier at their base that allows the protein and lipid composition of the ciliary membrane to be distinct from that of the plasma membrane. We review current models of ciliary membrane biogenesis, highlighting several structures, including the ciliary necklace and ciliary pocket, that appear during biogenesis and that likely contribute to the barrier. The regulated movement of membrane proteins and lipids across this barrier is central to the sensory function of these organelles.
Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Figures
Ciliary membrane structures.A. Modified from Gilula and Satir, 1972. Arrows indicate the ciliary necklace and transitional fibers (tf), noted in the original report. We refer to the invaginated membrane as the ciliary pocket (cp).B-D are images of mouse 3T3 cells in culture and were kindly provided by Olivier Belzile, a graduate student in the Snell laboratory.B. A cilium that appears to be entirely cytoplasmic (non-emergent) possesses a ciliary pocket with transitional fibers attached at the base of the pocket. A basal foot is also visible with microtubules emerging from it.C. A higher magnification view of a ciliary pocket with transitional fibers (tf).D. A vesicle either budding or fusing with the ciliary pocket membrane (see also Moser et al., 2009).E. Diagram of the ciliary pocket and associated structures.
Biogenesis of the primary cilium. This model is derived from Sorokin [12]. Although the ciliary necklace and the transitional fibers are well-documented structures, the timing of their formation shown here is speculative as is the proposal that the doublet microtubules in the transition zone form independently of IFT. Note the double membrane that envelops the axoneme before the cilium reaches the cell surface. The inner membrane is the ciliary membrane and the outer membrane is referred to as the sheath membrane in the text.
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References
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This and the following two papers are examples of membrane proteins whose function is thought to depend on localization in cilia.
- Schneider L, Clement CA, Teilmann SC, Pazour GJ, Hoffmann EK, Satir P, Christensen ST. PDGFRalphaalpha signaling is regulated through the primary cilium in fibroblasts. Curr Biol. 2005;15:1861–1866. - PubMed
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