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.2010 Apr 16;328(5976):351-4.
doi: 10.1126/science.1186222.

Evolution of an expanded sex-determining locus in Volvox

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Evolution of an expanded sex-determining locus in Volvox

Patrick Ferris et al. Science..

Erratum in

  • Science. 2010 Sep 17;329(5998):1467

Abstract

Although dimorphic sexes have evolved repeatedly in multicellular eukaryotes, their origins are unknown. The mating locus (MT) of the sexually dimorphic multicellular green alga Volvox carteri specifies the production of eggs and sperm and has undergone a remarkable expansion and divergence relative to MT from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which is a closely related unicellular species that has equal-sized gametes. Transcriptome analysis revealed a rewired gametic expression program for Volvox MT genes relative to Chlamydomonas and identified multiple gender-specific and sex-regulated transcripts. The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor homolog MAT3 is a Volvox MT gene that displays sexually regulated alternative splicing and evidence of gender-specific selection, both of which are indicative of cooption into the sexual cycle. Thus, sex-determining loci affect the evolution of both sex-related and non-sex-related genes.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Expansion ofVolvox MT and sex-regulated gene expression. (A) Schematic ofChlamydomonas mating locus with rearranged domains in light blue or pink.MT+ limited genes are shaded red if unique or orange if they have an autosomal copy.MT− limited genes are shaded blue. Flanking and shared genes are shaded black and gray respectively. Synteny is indicated by gray shading. (B) Schematic ofVolvox MT scaled as in (A). Boxed genes were used for mapping. The broken segment represents a transposon repeat region containing copies ofVPS53. (C) Expression heat maps ofVolvox MT genes. Left panel, female/male expression ratio; middle panel, total expression; right panel, sexual induction (Sex) or repression (Veg). Diagonal hatch, insufficient data.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Divergence ofMT genes. (A,B) dN and dS for sharedVolvox (A) orChlamydomonas (B) genes withinMT (orange shading) or flankingMT. Asterisks mark saturated dS values. (C,D) Maximum likelihood phylogenies forPRP4 (C) andMT genePRX1 (D). Red/blue signify female/male strains and clades.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Gender-specific divergence and splicing ofMAT3. Schematic ofMAT3 fromChlamydomonas (top),Volvox female (middle) andVolvox male (bottom).Volvox exons are numbered.
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References

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    1. Information on Materials and Methods is available on Science Online.

    1. Kirk DL. Volvox. In: Bard JBL, Barlow PW, Green PB, Kirk DL, editors. Developmental and Cell Biology Series. Cambridge University Press; Cambridge, U.K.: 1998.

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