Expiration: the moment we experience retronasal olfaction in flavor
- PMID:20171264
- DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.02.024
Expiration: the moment we experience retronasal olfaction in flavor
Abstract
Respiration is essential for smell perception. Previously we found that 8-12-Hz cortical rhythms were phase-locked to inspiration onset during the presentation of odor stimuli; this is referred to as inspiration phase-locked alpha band oscillation (I-alpha). Generators of I-alpha estimated with a dipole fitting model were found in the piriform, the entorhinal cortex (ENT), the amygdala (AMG), the hippocampus (HI) and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Such olfactory perception is said to occur via the orthonasal olfaction route. Another route is the retronasal olfaction route. In this study, we investigated the link between respiration phase and retronasal olfactory perception. Electroencephalograph (EEG) and respiratory flows (separately measured with mouth and nose) were simultaneously recorded during stimulation of subjects' tongues with liquids of chocolate, sucrose and water. The percentage of subjects correctly identifying the chocolate taste was higher when subjects were asked to breathe through the nose than when they were breathing through the mouth. In the averaged EEGs triggered by the onset of expiration measured from the flow through the nose, a 8-12-Hz oscillation was observed. Generators of this potential were found in the left ENT, HI, AMG and OFC in the order of milliseconds after expiration onset. Perception of retronasal olfaction is dependent on expiration, and combining retronasal olfactory information with gustatory information and somatosensation enable us to identify flavors when drinking and feeding.
Similar articles
- Retronasal Odor Perception Requires Taste Cortex, but Orthonasal Does Not.Blankenship ML, Grigorova M, Katz DB, Maier JX.Blankenship ML, et al.Curr Biol. 2019 Jan 7;29(1):62-69.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.011. Epub 2018 Dec 20.Curr Biol. 2019.PMID:30581018Free PMC article.
- Influence of simultaneous gustatory stimuli on orthonasal and retronasal olfaction.Welge-Lüssen A, Husner A, Wolfensberger M, Hummel T.Welge-Lüssen A, et al.Neurosci Lett. 2009 Apr 24;454(2):124-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.03.002. Epub 2009 Mar 5.Neurosci Lett. 2009.PMID:19429068
- Differential neural responses evoked by orthonasal versus retronasal odorant perception in humans.Small DM, Gerber JC, Mak YE, Hummel T.Small DM, et al.Neuron. 2005 Aug 18;47(4):593-605. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.07.022.Neuron. 2005.PMID:16102541
- Factors affecting the ortho- and retronasal perception of flavors: A review.Goldberg EM, Wang K, Goldberg J, Aliani M.Goldberg EM, et al.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2018 Apr 13;58(6):913-923. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1231167. Epub 2017 Jul 5.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2018.PMID:27646486Review.
- What Aristotle didn't know about flavor.Bartoshuk LM, Sims CA, Colquhoun TA, Snyder DJ.Bartoshuk LM, et al.Am Psychol. 2019 Dec;74(9):1003-1011. doi: 10.1037/amp0000577.Am Psychol. 2019.PMID:31829675Review.
Cited by
- Causality Assessment of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction Associated with Intranasal Fluticasone Propionate: Application of the Bradford Hill Criteria.Muganurmath CS, Curry AL, Schindzielorz AH.Muganurmath CS, et al.Adv Ther. 2018 Feb;35(2):173-190. doi: 10.1007/s12325-018-0665-5. Epub 2018 Feb 2.Adv Ther. 2018.PMID:29396682Free PMC article.Review.
- Retronasal Odor Perception Requires Taste Cortex, but Orthonasal Does Not.Blankenship ML, Grigorova M, Katz DB, Maier JX.Blankenship ML, et al.Curr Biol. 2019 Jan 7;29(1):62-69.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.011. Epub 2018 Dec 20.Curr Biol. 2019.PMID:30581018Free PMC article.
- Activity-Dependent Gene Expression in the Mammalian Olfactory Epithelium.Wang Q, Titlow WB, McClintock DA, Stromberg AJ, McClintock TS.Wang Q, et al.Chem Senses. 2017 Oct 1;42(8):611-624. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjx028.Chem Senses. 2017.PMID:28525560Free PMC article.Review.
- Searching for perceptual similarity within, and between, the (chemical) senses.Spence C.Spence C.Iperception. 2022 Sep 22;13(5):20416695221124154. doi: 10.1177/20416695221124154. eCollection 2022 Sep-Oct.Iperception. 2022.PMID:36176976Free PMC article.
- Whisker barrel cortex delta oscillations and gamma power in the awake mouse are linked to respiration.Ito J, Roy S, Liu Y, Cao Y, Fletcher M, Lu L, Boughter JD, Grün S, Heck DH.Ito J, et al.Nat Commun. 2014 Apr 1;5:3572. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4572.Nat Commun. 2014.PMID:24686563Free PMC article.
MeSH terms
Related information
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Research Materials
Miscellaneous