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.2010 Jun;22(6):1224-34.
doi: 10.1162/jocn.2009.21257.

Early top-down control of visual processing predicts working memory performance

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Early top-down control of visual processing predicts working memory performance

Aaron M Rutman et al. J Cogn Neurosci.2010 Jun.

Abstract

Selective attention confers a behavioral benefit on both perceptual and working memory (WM) performance, often attributed to top-down modulation of sensory neural processing. However, the direct relationship between early activity modulation in sensory cortices during selective encoding and subsequent WM performance has not been established. To explore the influence of selective attention on WM recognition, we used electroencephalography to study the temporal dynamics of top-down modulation in a selective, delayed-recognition paradigm. Participants were presented with overlapped, "double-exposed" images of faces and natural scenes, and were instructed to either remember the face or the scene while simultaneously ignoring the other stimulus. Here, we present evidence that the degree to which participants modulate the early P100 (97-129 msec) event-related potential during selective stimulus encoding significantly correlates with their subsequent WM recognition. These results contribute to our evolving understanding of the mechanistic overlap between attention and memory.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Experimental Paradigm. Five different tasks were presented in a delayed-recognition task design. All trials involved viewing two images (Stim-1, Stim-2) (Encode), followed by a 4-second period (Delay), and concluded with a third image (Probe). Encoding stimuli on FM and SM consisted of isolated pictures of faces and natural scenes, while encoding stimuli on the three overlap tasks (FM-O, PV-O, and SM-O) consisted of an overlapped scene and a face picture. For the four memory tasks, participants were instructed to remember the relevant encoding stimuli, maintain the images in mind over the delay period and respond with a button press whether or not the Probe image matched one of the two Encoding images. For the passive view task (PV-O), participants were instructed to relax and view the double-exposed images without trying to remember them, after which they responded to the direction of an arrow with a button press.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Behavioral Results.a, Working Memory Accuracy. Tasks utilizing overlapped images showed significantly reduced WM recognition accuracy.b, Working Memory Response Time. Overlapped tasks showed significant increases in response time relative to the non-overlapped task counterparts.c, Long-Term Memory Recognition Index. A post-experiment recognition test revealed significantly better recognition of relevant images in the overlap tasks (faces in FM-O and scenes in SM-O) than irrelevant images from the overlap tasks (faces from SM-O and scenes from FM-O), as well as images from the passive view task (PV-O). Error bars represent standard error of the mean. Asterisks denote significant differences (p<0.05). Face memory-overlap (FM-O), Scene memory-overlap (SM-O), Face memory (FM), Scene memory (SM).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Top Down Modulation of the P1 component.a, Grand Average waveform of P1 EOIs (n=19).b, P100 peak amplitudes (n=19). All peak amplitudes of memory tasks show significant differences across tasks (PV-O is not significantly different than FM-O or SM-O). Error bars represent standard error of the mean. Asterisks denote significant difference (singe - p<0.05, double, - p<0.01, triple, p<0.0001. Face memory-overlap (FM-O), Scene memory-overlap (SM-O), Passive view-overlap (PV-O), Face memory (FM), Scene memory (SM).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Topographic ERP difference maps at 95–130 ms (P100 component). The lateralized posterior scalp topography of the non-overlapped face and scene difference (FM minus SM: bottom-up contrast) is comparable to the topography of the overlapped face and scene difference (FM-O minus SM-O: top-down contrast).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Neural-behavioral correlation. Measures of attentional modulation (P1 Modulation Index) significantly correlate with working memory recognition (Accuracy Index). Subjects with greater attentional modulation of P100 amplitude (~100ms post-stimulus presentation) show greater ability to subsequently remember encoded stimuli after a delay period of working memory maintenance (4 sec post-stimulus presentation), R=0.45, p<0.05.
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