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Comparative Study
.2009 Mar;11(3):130-7.
doi: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2009.00084.x.

Hypertension, insulin resistance, and aldosterone: sex-specific relationships

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Comparative Study

Hypertension, insulin resistance, and aldosterone: sex-specific relationships

Srividya Kidambi et al. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich).2009 Mar.

Abstract

African Americans, particularly men, have the highest morbidity and mortality rates from hypertension in the United States. The authors studied 527 African Americans in a general clinical research center to determine whether there are sex differences in the relationships between hypertension with insulin resistance (IR) and aldosterone, which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Measurements included ambulatory blood pressure (BP), anthropometric measures, plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone (PA) concentration, and fasting serum lipids, glucose, and insulin. IR was estimated using the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) model. BP correlated with aldosterone in both sexes. However, both BP and PA correlated with IR in men, but not in women. Compared with men in the lower tertile of HOMA-IR, men in the upper tertile had higher mean systolic BP, a higher odds ratio of having hypertension, and higher levels of PA. The association of IR with both hypertension and PA in men, but not in women, may contribute to the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in African American men.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
 Mean systolic blood pressure (Panel A), prevalence (Panel B) and odds ratio (Panel C) for hypertension according to tertiles of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) in African American women and men. Corresponding HOMA‐IR values to the tertiles of insulin resistance include: lower tertile – 0.4–1.1, middle tertile – 1.2–1.7, and top tertile – 1.8–6.3. *Statistically significant difference from first tertile of insulin resistance within each sex (P<.05). †Statistically significant difference within each tertile of insulin resistance across the sex (P<.05).
Figure 2
Figure 2
 Plasma aldosterone concentration by tertiles of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) in African American women and men. Corresponding HOMA‐IR values to the tertiles of insulin resistance include: lower tertile – 0.4–1.1, middle tertile – 1.2–1.7, and top tertile – 1.8–6.3. *Statistically significant difference from the first tertile of insulin resistance within each sex (P<.05). †Statistically significant difference within each tertile of insulin resistance across the sex (P<.05). To convert aldosterone ng/dL to nmol/L, multiply by 0.0277.
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