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.2008 Dec;137(4):412-24.
doi: 10.1002/ajpa.20883.

Distribution of Y chromosomes among native North Americans: a study of Athapaskan population history

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Distribution of Y chromosomes among native North Americans: a study of Athapaskan population history

Ripan Singh Malhi et al. Am J Phys Anthropol.2008 Dec.

Abstract

In this study, 231 Y chromosomes from 12 populations were typed for four diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to determine haplogroup membership and 43 Y chromosomes from three of these populations were typed for eight short tandem repeats (STRs) to determine haplotypes. These data were combined with previously published data, amounting to 724 Y chromosomes from 26 populations in North America, and analyzed to investigate the geographic distribution of Y chromosomes among native North Americans and to test the Southern Athapaskan migration hypothesis. The results suggest that European admixture has significantly altered the distribution of Y chromosomes in North America and because of this caution should be taken when inferring prehistoric population events in North America using Y chromosome data alone. However, consistent with studies of other genetic systems, we are still able to identify close relationships among Y chromosomes in Athapaskans from the Subarctic and the Southwest, suggesting that a small number of proto-Apachean migrants from the Subarctic founded the Southwest Athapaskan populations.

(c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of Athapskan Language Family in North America. Modified fromhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Na-Dene_langs.png with reference to Campbell (1997) and Goddard (1996).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Figure 2a. Frequency of Haplogroup Q in North America. Figure 2b. Frequency of Haplogroup R in North America. Figure 2c. Frequency of Haplogroup C in North America.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Figure 2a. Frequency of Haplogroup Q in North America. Figure 2b. Frequency of Haplogroup R in North America. Figure 2c. Frequency of Haplogroup C in North America.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Figure 2a. Frequency of Haplogroup Q in North America. Figure 2b. Frequency of Haplogroup R in North America. Figure 2c. Frequency of Haplogroup C in North America.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Y chromosome haplogroup frequency distribution for Athapaskan and Southwest populations.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Principal coordinates analysis of theHaplotype dataset based on 8 STRs. Athapaskans are represented by ▲.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Haplogroup C Network of Athapaskan-speakers based on 8 STRs. Arrow indicates the branch leading to the Apachean subclade. The size of each circle corresponds to the number of individuals belonging to that haplotype. Black circles represent haplotypes identified in Apachean individuals. White circles represent haplotypes identified in Subarctic Athapaskan individuals. The lengths of the lines correspond to the number of mutational differences between haplotypes.
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References

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