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.2007 Oct;53(10):1712-20.

Non-cancer health effects of pesticides: systematic review and implications for family doctors

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Non-cancer health effects of pesticides: systematic review and implications for family doctors

M Sanborn et al. Can Fam Physician.2007 Oct.

Abstract
in English, French

Objective: To investigate whether there are associations between exposure to pesticides and 4 chronic non-cancer health effects: dermatologic, neurologic, reproductive, and genotoxic effects.

Data sources: We searched PreMedline, MEDLINE, and LILACS using the key word pesticide combined with the term for the specific health effect being searched. Reviewers scanned the references of all articles for additional relevant studies.

Study selection: Studies since 1992 were assessed using structured inclusion and quality-of-methods criteria. Studies scoring <4 on a 7-point global methodologic quality scale were excluded. In total, 124 studies were included. These studies had a mean quality score of 4.88 out of 7.

Synthesis: Strong evidence of association with pesticide exposure was found for all neurologic outcomes, genotoxicity, and 4 of 6 reproductive effects: birth defects, fetal death, altered growth, and other outcomes. Exposure to pesticides generally doubled the level of genetic damage as measured by chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes. Only a few high-quality studies focused on the dermatologic effects of pesticides. In some of these studies, rates of dermatitis were higher among those who had had high exposure to pesticides on the job.

Conclusion: Evidence from research on humans consistently points to positive associations between pesticide exposure and 3 of the 4 non-cancer health outcomes studied. Physicians have a dual role in educating individual patients about the risks of exposure and in reducing exposure in the community by advocating for restrictions on use of pesticides.

OBJECTIF: Déterminer s’il existe une association entre l’exposition à des pesticides et 4 types d’effets nocifs chroniques sur la santé, outre le cancer: effets d’ordre dermatologique, neurologique, reproducteur et génotoxique.

SOURCES DES DONNÉES: On a consulté PreMedline, MEDLINE et LILACS à l’aide du mot-clépesticide combiné à chacun des termes désignant les effets spécifiques à l’étude. Les analystes ont scruté la bibliographie de chaque article pour identifier toute autre étude pertinente.

CHOIX DES ÉTUDES: Le choix des études publiées depuis 1992 était basé sur des critères d’inclusion structurés et des critères de qualité méthodologique. Les études obtenant un score inférieur à 4 sur une échelle de qualité méthodologique globale de 7 points ont été exclues. Au total, 124 études ont été retenues, avec un score de qualité moyen de 4,88 sur 7.

SYNTHÈSE: On a trouvé des preuves convaincantes d’une association entre l’exposition aux pesticides et l’ensemble des issues neurologiques, la génotoxicité et 4 des 6 effets sur la reproduction: malformations congénitales, mort fœtale, anomalie de croissance et autres issues. De façon générale, l’exposition aux pesticides a doublé le niveau de dommage génétique tel que mesuré par les modifications chromosomiques dans les lymphocytes. Seules quelques études de bonne qualité ont porté sur les effets dermatologiques des pesticides. Dans certaines de ces études, on a observé un taux plus élevé de dermatites chez ceux qui avaient été fortement exposés en milieu de travail.

CONCLUSION: La plupart des données tirées de la recherche chez l’humain indiquent que l’exposition à des pesticides est associée à 3 des 4 problèmes de santé étudiés. Le médecin a le double rôle de renseigner chaque patient sur les risques d’une telle exposition et de promouvoirun usage restreint des pesticides afin de réduire l’exposition dans la communauté.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Percent of chromosome aberrations for 500 control and 529 pesticide exposed subjects in 14 genotoxicity studies compared with the general population
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

  • Friend or foe.
    Kelsall D.Kelsall D.Can Fam Physician. 2007 Oct;53(10):1631.Can Fam Physician. 2007.PMID:17934015Free PMC article.No abstract available.
  • [Attention! Danger!].
    Ladouceur R.Ladouceur R.Can Fam Physician. 2007 Oct;53(10):1633.Can Fam Physician. 2007.PMID:17934016Free PMC article.French.No abstract available.

References

    1. Guidotti TL, Gosselin P, editors. The Canadian guide to health and the environment. Edmonton, Alta: University of Alberta Press and Duval House Publishing; 1999.
    1. Reigert JR, Roberts JR. Recognition and management of pesticide poisonings. 5. Washington, DC: United States Environmental Protection Agency; 1999. [Accessed 2007 September 12]. Available from:www.epa.gov/pesticides/safety/healthcare/handbook/handbook.pdf.
    1. Alarcon WA, Calvert GM, Blondell JM, Mehler LN, Sievert J, Propeck M, et al. Acute illnesses associated with pesticide exposure at schools. JAMA. 2005;294(4):455–65. - PubMed
    1. Landrigan PJ, Claudio L, Markowitz SB, Brenner BL, Romero H, Wetmur JG, et al. Pesticides and inner-city children: exposures, risks and prevention. Environ Health Perspect. 1999;107(Suppl 3):431–7. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sanborn M, Cole D, Kerr K, Vakil C, Sanin LH, Bassil K. Pesticides literature review. Toronto, Ont: Ontario College of Family Physicians; 2004. [Accessed 2007 August 29]. Available from:www.ocfp.on.ca/local/files/Communications/Current%20Issues/Pesticides/Fi....

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