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.2007 May 1;104(18):7606-11.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.0702332104. Epub 2007 Apr 19.

Epstein-Barr virus and virus human protein interaction maps

Affiliations

Epstein-Barr virus and virus human protein interaction maps

Michael A Calderwood et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A..

Abstract

A comprehensive mapping of interactions among Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) proteins and interactions of EBV proteins with human proteins should provide specific hypotheses and a broad perspective on EBV strategies for replication and persistence. Interactions of EBV proteins with each other and with human proteins were assessed by using a stringent high-throughput yeast two-hybrid system. Overall, 43 interactions between EBV proteins and 173 interactions between EBV and human proteins were identified. EBV-EBV and EBV-human protein interaction, or "interactome" maps provided a framework for hypotheses of protein function. For example, LF2, an EBV protein of unknown function interacted with the EBV immediate early R transactivator (Rta) and was found to inhibit Rta transactivation. From a broader perspective, EBV genes can be divided into two evolutionary classes, "core" genes, which are conserved across all herpesviruses and subfamily specific, or "noncore" genes. Our EBV-EBV interactome map is enriched for interactions among proteins in the same evolutionary class. Furthermore, human proteins targeted by EBV proteins were enriched for highly connected or "hub" proteins and for proteins with relatively short paths to all other proteins in the human interactome network. Targeting of hubs might be an efficient mechanism for EBV reorganization of cellular processes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
EBV–EBV interactome network. Graph of the EBV protein interaction network identified by merging the interactions identified in this Y2H study with published interactions. Interactions identified in this study are shown as red lines, and previously published interactions are shown as purple lines. High confidence interactions (interaction that scored positive by either β-gal or co-AP assay) are shown as solid lines, and low confidence interactions are shown as dashed lines. Core herpesvirus proteins are shown as yellow circles, and noncore proteins are green circles. The network consists of 52 proteins linked via 60 interactions.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
LF2 represses Rta activation of four different EBV promoters. (Upper) BJAB cells were transfected with one of four pGL3-basic-Luc reporters containing the promoter region of an EBV gene with a well defined Rta response element (10 μg) along with 5 μg of Rta and increasing amounts (0–10 μg) of Flag-LF2. The luciferase activity shown represents the ratio of firefly luminescence over β-gal activity to normalize for transfection efficiency. The maximal response of each promoter to Rta in the absence of LF2 is shown at right (fold activation over vector only) and is normalized to 1 in the graph. The presence of LF2 significantly reduced Rta activation of all of the promoters in a dose-dependant manner. (Lower) Western blotting of cell lysates harvested 48 h posttransfection revealing that Rta expression levels were unaffected by LF2 cotransfection.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.
EBV–human interactome network graph of the EBV–human protein interaction network as determined by our Y2H screen. Core herpesvirus proteins are shown as yellow circles, and noncore herpesvirus proteins are green circles. Human proteins are shown as blue squares. Interactions identified in this screen are shown as red lines. This interactome represents 40 EBV proteins and 112 human proteins connected by 173 interactions.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.
Systematic analysis of the topology and functional characteristics of ET-HPs. (a) Bar graph indicating the degree of ET-HPs in the human interactome as compared with the degree of other human proteins picked at random from the human interactome. (b) The circles represent the fraction of human proteins with degreek that are ET-HPs. The solid black line represents the best fit to Akb, resulting inb = 0.64 ± 0.1. The dashed line represents the expected probability that a human protein selected at random is an ET-HP. (c) Various topological parameters of ET-HPs in the human interactome network compared with other human proteins picked randomly with uniform probability or with a probability proportional tok0.64, wherek is the degree of a protein in the network, are indicated.
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