Analysing prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal complications in autistic children by a specially prepared questionnaire, the authors aimed at establishing whether there is a connection between prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal complications and autism in comparison with normal and mentally retarded children. The results have shown that there is a statistically significant connection of some of these factors with autism in relation to the control group of healthy children, while these differences proved less significant in relation to the group of mentally retarded children. The results obtained partly correspond to the results of similar investigations in the world, indicating a complex etiology of autism.