Review
doi: 10.1136/gut.2005.068601.Paneth cells: their role in innate immunity and inflammatory disease
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- PMID:16284290
- PMCID: PMC1774800
- DOI: 10.1136/gut.2005.068601
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Review
Paneth cells: their role in innate immunity and inflammatory disease
D A Elphick et al. Gut.2005 Dec.
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Figures
Schematic diagram of Toll-like receptor (TLR) and nucleotide binding oligomerisation domain (NOD) protein interactions with components of the bacterial cell wall and subsequent nuclear factor κB (NFκB) activation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), diaminopimelate (DAP), and muramyl dipeptide (MDP) from the peptidoglycan (PGN) bacterial cell wall bind to TLR4, NOD1, and NOD2, respectively. Phosphorylation (P) of IκBα leads to release of NFκB which migrates to the nucleus to promote transcription of specific genes.
Small intestinal crypt showing Paneth cells with secretory granules, stem cells, enterocytes, mucin secreting goblet cells, and an intermediate cell (features of Paneth and goblet cells). Exposure to bacterial products leads to release of antimicrobial peptides and proteins from Paneth and intermediate cells.
Low (A, B) and high (C, D) power views of phloxine-tartrazine stained sections of uninfected control (A, C) andT spiralis infected (B, D) murine small intestine. A few Paneth cells (with predominantly yellow granules) are present at the base of uninfected crypts. InT spiralis infected intestine, there is a marked increase in the number of Paneth cells (with red granules). Moreover, intermediate cells (arrowed) are seen in some villi. Two (A, B) of the figures are reproduced from Kamal and colleagues, with permission from Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
(A) Section of human jejunal mucosa showing human defensin 5 immunoreactive Paneth cells at the base of crypts. (B) Transmission electron micrograph of human jejunal crypt showing three Paneth cells with electron dense granules in the apical cytoplasm.
Amino acid sequence of human defensin (HD)-5. Precursor form of HD-5 (amino acids 20–94) is stored in Paneth cell granules, and has been shown to be processed to three predominant forms (amino acids 63–94, 56–94, 36–94) during and/or after release into the lumen (see text for details).
References
- Justesen T, Nielsen OH, Jacobsen IE, et al. The normal cultivable microflora in upper jejunal fluid in healthy adults. Scand J Gastroenterol 1984;19:279–82. - PubMed
- Smith G, Gorbach S. Normal alimentary tract flora. In: Blaser M, Smith P, Ravidin J, eds. Infections of the gastrointestinal tract. New York: Raven Press, 1995:53–69.
- Medzhitov R, Janeway C Jr. Innate immunity. N Engl J Med 2000;343:338–44. - PubMed
- Brandtzaeg P, Pabst R. Let’s go mucosal: communication on slippery ground. Trends Immunol 2004;25:570–7. - PubMed
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