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Comparative Study
.2004 Jan 15;55(2):177-84.
doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.08.005.

Shape of caudate nucleus and its cognitive correlates in neuroleptic-naive schizotypal personality disorder

Affiliations
Comparative Study

Shape of caudate nucleus and its cognitive correlates in neuroleptic-naive schizotypal personality disorder

James J Levitt et al. Biol Psychiatry..

Abstract

Background: We measured the shape of the head of the caudate nucleus with a new approach based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) subjects in whom we previously reported decreased caudate nucleus volume. We believe MRI shape analysis complements traditional MRI volume measurements.

Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging scans were used to measure the shape of the caudate nucleus in 15 right-handed male subjects with SPD, who had no prior neuroleptic exposure, and in 14 matched normal comparison subjects. With MRI processing tools, we measured the head of the caudate nucleus using a shape index, which measured how much a given shape deviates from a sphere.

Results: In relation to comparison subjects, neuroleptic never-medicated SPD subjects had significantly higher (more "edgy") head of the caudate shape index scores, lateralized to the right side. Additionally, for SPD subjects, higher right and left head of the caudate SI scores correlated significantly with poorer neuropsychological performance on tasks of visuospatial memory and auditory/verbal working memory, respectively.

Conclusions: These data confirm the value of measuring shape, as well as volume, of brain regions of interest and support the association of intrinsic pathology in the caudate nucleus, unrelated to neuroleptic medication, with cognitive abnormalities in the schizophrenia spectrum.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A Three-dimensional rendering of left and right head of the caudate nucleus (shaded blue) and left and right posterior caudate nucleus (shaded red) superimposed on magnetic resonance imaging coronal and axial slices in a normal subject. Adapted from Levitt et al (2002).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Scatterplots of right and left caudate shape index scores in schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) and normal subjects. Horizontal lines represent means. *p = .01. Diamonds indicate SPD subjects; circles are normal subjects.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Scatterplots between immediate (A) and delayed (B) recall of Rey-Osterreith Complex figures, object alternation perseverative errors (C), and serial digit learning test scores (D) and right and left caudate shape index scores. *p ≤ .05. Although we used Spearmanρ for testing statistical significance because of our small sample size, we have plotted a least-squares line for the convenience of the reader. SPD, schizotypal personality disorder.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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