Amphetamine-type central nervous system stimulants release norepinephrine more potently than they release dopamine and serotonin
- PMID:11071707
- DOI: 10.1002/1098-2396(20010101)39:1<32::AID-SYN5>3.0.CO;2-3
Amphetamine-type central nervous system stimulants release norepinephrine more potently than they release dopamine and serotonin
Abstract
A large body of evidence supports the hypothesis that mesolimbic dopamine (DA) mediates, in animal models, the reinforcing effects of central nervous system stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamine. The role DA plays in mediating amphetamine-type subjective effects of stimulants in humans remains to be established. Both amphetamine and cocaine increase norepinephrine (NE) via stimulation of release and inhibition of reuptake, respectively. If increases in NE mediate amphetamine-type subjective effects of stimulants in humans, then one would predict that stimulant medications that produce amphetamine-type subjective effects in humans should share the ability to increase NE. To test this hypothesis, we determined, using in vitro methods, the neurochemical mechanism of action of amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), (+)-methamphetamine, ephedrine, phentermine, and aminorex. As expected, their rank order of potency for DA release was similar to their rank order of potency in published self-administration studies. Interestingly, the results demonstrated that the most potent effect of these stimulants is to release NE. Importantly, the oral dose of these stimulants, which produce amphetamine-type subjective effects in humans, correlated with the their potency in releasing NE, not DA, and did not decrease plasma prolactin, an effect mediated by DA release. These results suggest that NE may contribute to the amphetamine-type subjective effects of stimulants in humans.
Similar articles
- Noradrenergic and dopaminergic effects of (+)-amphetamine-like stimulants in the baboon Papio anubis.Alexander M, Rothman RB, Baumann MH, Endres CJ, Brasić JR, Wong DF.Alexander M, et al.Synapse. 2005 May;56(2):94-9. doi: 10.1002/syn.20126.Synapse. 2005.PMID:15729739
- Relationship between low-dose amphetamine-induced arousal and extracellular norepinephrine and dopamine levels within prefrontal cortex.Berridge CW, Stalnaker TA.Berridge CW, et al.Synapse. 2002 Dec 1;46(3):140-9. doi: 10.1002/syn.10131.Synapse. 2002.PMID:12325041
- Neurochemical neutralization of amphetamine-type stimulants in rat brain by the indatraline analog (-)-HY038.Partilla JS, Dersch CM, Yu H, Rice KC, Rothman RB.Partilla JS, et al.Brain Res Bull. 2000 Dec;53(6):821-6. doi: 10.1016/s0361-9230(00)00419-6.Brain Res Bull. 2000.PMID:11179849
- Balance between dopamine and serotonin release modulates behavioral effects of amphetamine-type drugs.Rothman RB, Baumann MH.Rothman RB, et al.Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Aug;1074:245-60. doi: 10.1196/annals.1369.064.Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006.PMID:17105921Review.
- [Alteration of neuronal activities following repeated administration of stimulants].Amano T, Matsubayashi H, Sasa M.Amano T, et al.Nihon Arukoru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi. 2002 Feb;37(1):31-40.Nihon Arukoru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi. 2002.PMID:11915303Review.Japanese.
Cited by
- Antipsychotic-like activity of noni (Morinda citrifolia Linn.) in mice.Pandy V, Narasingam M, Mohamed Z.Pandy V, et al.BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012 Oct 19;12:186. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-186.BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012.PMID:23082808Free PMC article.
- A brief history of the development of antidepressant drugs: from monoamines to glutamate.Hillhouse TM, Porter JH.Hillhouse TM, et al.Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2015 Feb;23(1):1-21. doi: 10.1037/a0038550.Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2015.PMID:25643025Free PMC article.Review.
- Separate and Combined Effects of Naltrexone and Extended-Release Alprazolam on the Reinforcing, Subject-Rated, and Cardiovascular Effects of Methamphetamine.Marks KR, Lile JA, Stoops WW, Glaser PE, Hays LR, Rush CR.Marks KR, et al.J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2016 Jun;36(3):213-21. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000000488.J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2016.PMID:27043121Free PMC article.
- Psychostimulants affect dopamine transmission through both dopamine transporter-dependent and independent mechanisms.Dela Peña I, Gevorkiana R, Shi WX.Dela Peña I, et al.Eur J Pharmacol. 2015 Oct 5;764:562-570. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.07.044. Epub 2015 Jul 21.Eur J Pharmacol. 2015.PMID:26209364Free PMC article.Review.
- An Overview of the Association between Schizotypy and Dopamine.Mohr C, Ettinger U.Mohr C, et al.Front Psychiatry. 2014 Dec 19;5:184. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00184. eCollection 2014.Front Psychiatry. 2014.PMID:25566103Free PMC article.Review.
MeSH terms
Substances
Related information
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Chemical Information
Research Materials