Movatterモバイル変換

Eugene Wigner

Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.

Eugene Wigner
Eugene Wigner
Amigo de Wigner,símbolo 6-j,símbolo 9-j
Nascimento	17 de novembro de1902 Budapeste
Morte	1 de janeiro de1995 (92 anos) Princeton
Sepultamento	Cemitério de Princeton
Nacionalidade	húngaro (pré 1937),estadunidense (pós 1937)
Cidadania	Hungria, Estados Unidos
Etnia	judeus
Cônjuge	Amelia Frank, Mary Annette Wheeler, Eileen Clare-Patton Hamilton
Filho(a)(s)	David Wheeler Wigner
Irmão(ã)(s)	Margit Dirac
Alma mater	Universidade Técnica de Berlim
Ocupação	matemático,físico,professor universitário, físico teórico, físico nuclear
Distinções	Medalha Franklin (1950),Prêmio Enrico Fermi (1958),Prêmio Átomos pela Paz (1959),Medalha Max Planck (1961),Nobel de Física (1963),John von Neumann Lecture (1966),Medalha Nacional de Ciências (1968),Gibbs Lecture (1968),Racah Lectures in Physics (1973),Medalha Wigner (1978)
Empregador(a)	Universidade de Princeton,Universidade Técnica de Berlim,Universidade de Wisconsin–Madison,Universidade de Göttingen,Universidade de Leiden,Universidade de Princeton,Projeto Manhattan,Universidade de Princeton,Laboratório Nacional de Oak Ridge
Orientador(a)(es/s)	Michael Polanyi^[1]
Orientado(a)(s)	John Bardeen,Victor Weisskopf,Marcos Moshinsky,Abner Shimony,Edwin Thompson Jaynes,Frederick Seitz,Conyers Herring,Jack H. Irving,Fred Tappert
Instituições	Universidade de Göttingen,Universidade do Wisconsin-Madison,Universidade de Princeton,Projeto Manhattan
Campo(s)	Física
Obras destacadas	The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences, teorema de Wigner
Causa da morte	pneumonia
Assinatura

[edite no Wikidata]

Eugene Paul Wigner (Budapeste,17 de novembro de1902 —Princeton,1 de janeiro de1995) foi umfísico húngaro.

Foi laureado com oNobel de Física de 1963, por contribuições para a teoria do núcleo atômico e partículas elementares, particularmente pela descoberta e aplicações dos princípios fundamentais de simetria.

Publicações selecionadas

[editar |editar código-fonte]

Wigner, E. P. (1939), «On unitary representations of the inhomogeneous Lorentz group»,Annals of Mathematics,40 (1): 149–204,doi:10.2307/1968551, .
(com Creutz, E. C. & R. R. Wilson) "Absorption of Thermal Neutrons in Uranium,"Universidade de Princeton,Departamento de Energia dos Estados Unidos (through predecessor agency theAtomic Energy Commission), (Sept. 26, 1941).
"Radioactivity of the Cooling Water," Metallurgical Laboratory of theUniversity of Chicago,Departamento de Energia dos Estados Unidos (through predecessor agency theAtomic Energy Commission), (March 1, 1943).
"Solutions of Boltzmann`s Equation for Mono-energetic Neutrons in an Infinite Homogeneous Medium," Metallurgical Laboratory of theUniversity of Chicago,Departamento de Energia dos Estados Unidos (through predecessor agency theAtomic Energy Commission), (Nov. 30, 1943).
(com Weinberg, A. M. & J. Stephenson) "Recalculation of the Critical Size and Multiplication Constant of a Homogeneous UO{sub 2} – D{sub 2}O Mixtures," Metallurgical Laboratory of theUniversity of Chicago, (Feb. 11, 1944).
(com F.L. Friedman) "On the Boundary Condition Between Two Multiplying Media," Metallurgical Laboratory of theUniversity of Chicago, (April 19, 1944).
(com J. E. Wilkins, Jr.) "Effect of the Temperature of the Moderator on the Velocity Distribution of Neutrons with Numerical Calculations for H as Moderator,"Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL),Departamento de Energia dos Estados Unidos (through predecessor agency theAtomic Energy Commission), (Sept. 14, 1944).
"On the Variation of Eta with Energy in the 100-1000 ev Region,"Brookhaven National Laboratory,Departamento de Energia dos Estados Unidos (through predecessor agency theAtomic Energy Commission), (Nov. 1, 1949).
"The Magnitude of the Eta Effect," Du Pont de Nemours (E.I.) & Co.,Departamento de Energia dos Estados Unidos (through predecessor agency theAtomic Energy Commission), (April 25, 1951).
1958 (comAlvin Weinberg).Physical Theory of Neutron Chain Reactors (University of Chicago Press.ISBN 0-226-88517-8
1959.Group Theory and its Application to the Quantum Mechanics of Atomic Spectra. New Yor: Academic Press. Translation by J. J. Griffin of 1931,Gruppentheorie und ihre Anwendungen auf die Quantenmechanik der Atomspektren, Vieweg Verlag, Braunschweig.
1960, "The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences,"Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics13(1): 1–14.
1970.Symmetries and Reflections: Scientific Essays. MIT Press.ISBN 0-262-73021-9
1992 (as told to Andrew Szanton).The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner. Plenum.ISBN 0-306-44326-0
1997 (com G. G. Emch; Jagdish Mehra and Arthur S. Wightman, eds.).Philosophical Reflections and Syntheses. Springer.ISBN 3-540-63372-3

Referências

↑Eugene Wigner (em inglês) noMathematics Genealogy Project

Ligações externas

[editar |editar código-fonte]

Eugene Wigner em Nobelprize.org
O'Connor, John J.;Robertson, Edmund F.,«Eugene Wigner»,MacTutor History of Mathematics archive (em inglês),Universidade de St. Andrews
Eugene Wigner (em inglês) noMathematics Genealogy Project
«Perfil no sítio oficial do Nobel de Física 1963» (em inglês)

Precedido por Theodor Svedberg	Medalha Franklin 1950	Sucedido por James Chadwick
Precedido por Ernest Orlando Lawrence	Prêmio Enrico Fermi 1958	Sucedido por Glenn Theodore Seaborg
Precedido por Lev Landau	Medalha Max Planck 1961	Sucedido por Ralph Kronig
Precedido por Lev Landau	Nobel de Física 1963 comMaria Goeppert-Mayer eJohannes Hans Daniel Jensen	Sucedido por Charles Hard Townes,Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov eAleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov

v d e Medalha Franklin (1915–1997)
1915:Thomas Edison,Heike Kamerlingh Onnes 1916:John Joseph Carty,Theodore William Richards 1917:Hendrik Lorentz,David Watson Taylor 1918:Guglielmo Marconi,Thomas Corwin Mendenhall 1919:James Dewar,George Owen Squier 1920:Svante Arrhenius,Charles Algernon Parsons 1921:Charles Fabry,Frank Julian Sprague 1922:Ralph Modjeski,Joseph John Thomson 1923:Gustave-Auguste Ferrié,Albert Abraham Michelson 1924:Ernest Rutherford,Edward Weston 1925:Elihu Thomson,Pieter Zeeman 1926:Niels Bohr,Samuel Rea 1927:George Ellery Hale,Max Planck 1928:Charles Francis Brush,Walther Nernst 1929:Emil Berliner,Charles Thomson Rees Wilson 1930:William Henry Bragg,John Frank Stevens 1931:James Hopwood Jeans,Willis Rodney Whitney 1932:Philipp Lenard,Ambrose Swasey 1933:Paul Sabatier,Irmãos Wright 1934:Irving Langmuir,Henry Norris Russell 1935:Albert Einstein,John Ambrose Fleming 1936:Frank Baldwin Jewett,Charles Kettering 1937:Peter Debye,Robert Andrews Millikan 1938:William Frederick Durand,Charles August Kraus 1939:Edwin Powell Hubble,Albert Sauveur 1940:Leo Baekeland,Arthur Holly Compton 1941:Edwin Armstrong,Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman 1942:Jerome Clarke Hunsaker,Paul Dyer Merica 1943:George Washington Pierce,Harold Clayton Urey 1944:William David Coolidge,Pyotr Kapitsa 1945:Harlow Shapley 1946:Henry Clapp Sherman,Henry Tizard 1947:Enrico Fermi,Robert Robinson 1948:Wendell Meredith Stanley,Theodore von Kármán 1949:Theodor Svedberg 1950:Eugene Paul Wigner 1951:James Chadwick 1952:Wolfgang Pauli 1953:William Francis Gibbs 1954:Charles Edward Kenneth Mees 1955:Arne Tiselius 1956:Frank Whittle 1957:Hugh Stott Taylor 1958:Donald Wills Douglas 1959:Hans Bethe 1960:Roger Adams 1961:Detlev Bronk 1962:Geoffrey Ingram Taylor 1963:Glenn Theodore Seaborg 1964:Gregory Breit 1965:Frederick Seitz 1966:Britton Chance 1967:Murray Gell-Mann 1968:Marshall Nirenberg 1969:John Archibald Wheeler 1970:Wolfgang Panofsky 1971:Hannes Alfvén 1972:George Kistiakowsky 1973:Theodosius Dobzhansky 1974:Nikolai Bogoliubov 1975:John Bardeen 1976:Mahlon Hoagland 1977:Cyril Manton Harris 1978:Elias James Corey 1979:George Evelyn Hutchinson 1980:Avram Goldstein,Lyman Spitzer 1981:Stephen Hawking 1982:César Milstein,Kenneth Wilson 1984:Verner Suomi 1985:George Claude Pimentel 1986:Benoît Mandelbrot 1987:Stanley Cohen 1988:Donald Knuth 1990:Hugh Huxley,David Turnbull 1992:Frederick Reines 1995:Gerardus 't Hooft 1996:Richard Smalley 1997:Mario Capecchi

Medalha Franklin (1915–1997)

1915:Thomas Edison,Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
1916:John Joseph Carty,Theodore William Richards
1917:Hendrik Lorentz,David Watson Taylor
1918:Guglielmo Marconi,Thomas Corwin Mendenhall
1919:James Dewar,George Owen Squier
1920:Svante Arrhenius,Charles Algernon Parsons
1921:Charles Fabry,Frank Julian Sprague
1922:Ralph Modjeski,Joseph John Thomson
1923:Gustave-Auguste Ferrié,Albert Abraham Michelson
1924:Ernest Rutherford,Edward Weston
1925:Elihu Thomson,Pieter Zeeman
1926:Niels Bohr,Samuel Rea
1927:George Ellery Hale,Max Planck
1928:Charles Francis Brush,Walther Nernst
1929:Emil Berliner,Charles Thomson Rees Wilson
1930:William Henry Bragg,John Frank Stevens
1931:James Hopwood Jeans,Willis Rodney Whitney
1932:Philipp Lenard,Ambrose Swasey
1933:Paul Sabatier,Irmãos Wright
1934:Irving Langmuir,Henry Norris Russell
1935:Albert Einstein,John Ambrose Fleming
1936:Frank Baldwin Jewett,Charles Kettering
1937:Peter Debye,Robert Andrews Millikan
1938:William Frederick Durand,Charles August Kraus
1939:Edwin Powell Hubble,Albert Sauveur
1940:Leo Baekeland,Arthur Holly Compton
1941:Edwin Armstrong,Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
1942:Jerome Clarke Hunsaker,Paul Dyer Merica
1943:George Washington Pierce,Harold Clayton Urey
1944:William David Coolidge,Pyotr Kapitsa
1945:Harlow Shapley
1946:Henry Clapp Sherman,Henry Tizard
1947:Enrico Fermi,Robert Robinson
1948:Wendell Meredith Stanley,Theodore von Kármán
1949:Theodor Svedberg
1950:Eugene Paul Wigner
1951:James Chadwick
1952:Wolfgang Pauli
1953:William Francis Gibbs
1954:Charles Edward Kenneth Mees
1955:Arne Tiselius
1956:Frank Whittle
1957:Hugh Stott Taylor
1958:Donald Wills Douglas
1959:Hans Bethe
1960:Roger Adams
1961:Detlev Bronk
1962:Geoffrey Ingram Taylor
1963:Glenn Theodore Seaborg
1964:Gregory Breit
1965:Frederick Seitz
1966:Britton Chance
1967:Murray Gell-Mann
1968:Marshall Nirenberg
1969:John Archibald Wheeler
1970:Wolfgang Panofsky
1971:Hannes Alfvén
1972:George Kistiakowsky
1973:Theodosius Dobzhansky
1974:Nikolai Bogoliubov
1975:John Bardeen
1976:Mahlon Hoagland
1977:Cyril Manton Harris
1978:Elias James Corey
1979:George Evelyn Hutchinson
1980:Avram Goldstein,Lyman Spitzer
1981:Stephen Hawking
1982:César Milstein,Kenneth Wilson
1984:Verner Suomi
1985:George Claude Pimentel
1986:Benoît Mandelbrot
1987:Stanley Cohen
1988:Donald Knuth
1990:Hugh Huxley,David Turnbull
1992:Frederick Reines
1995:Gerardus 't Hooft
1996:Richard Smalley
1997:Mario Capecchi

v d e Presidentes da American Physical Society
1899–1925	Henry Augustus Rowland (1899) Albert A. Michelson (1901) Arthur Gordon Webster (1903) Carl Barus (1905) Edward Leamington Nichols (1907) Henry Crew (1909) William Francis Magie (1911) Benjamin Osgood Peirce (1913) Ernest Merritt (1914) Robert Andrews Millikan (1916) Henry A. Bumstead (1918) Joseph Sweetman Ames (1919) Theodore Lyman (1921) Thomas Corwin Mendenhall (1923) Dayton Miller (1925)
1926–1950	Karl Taylor Compton (1927) Henry Gale (1929) William Francis Gray Swann (1931) Paul D. Foote (1933) Arthur Compton (1934) Robert W. Wood (1935) Floyd K. Richtmyer (1936) Harrison M. Randall (1937) Lyman James Briggs (1938) John Tate (1939) John Zeleny (1940) George B. Pegram (1941) George Stewart (1941) Percy Williams Bridgman (1942) Albert Hull (1943) Arthur Jeffrey Dempster (1944) Harvey Fletcher (1945) Edward Condon (1946) Lee Alvin DuBridge (1947) J. Robert Oppenheimer (1948) Francis Wheeler Loomis (1949) Isidor Isaac Rabi (1950)
1951–1975	Charles Christian Lauritsen (1951) John Hasbrouck Van Vleck (1952) Enrico Fermi (1953) H. Bethe (1954) Raymond Thayer Birge (1955) E. Wigner (1956) Henry DeWolf Smyth (1957) Jesse Beams (1958) George Uhlenbeck (1959) Victor Weisskopf (1960) Frederick Seitz (1961) William V. Houston (1962) John Harry Williams (1963) Robert Bacher (1964) Felix Bloch (1965) John Archibald Wheeler (1966) Charles H. Townes (1967) John Bardeen (1968) Luis Walter Alvarez (1969) Edward Mills Purcell (1970) Robert Serber (1971) Philip M. Morse (1972) Joseph Edward Mayer (1973) Wolfgang Panofsky (1974) Chien-Shiung Wu (1975)
1976–2000	William A. Fowler (1976) George Pake (1977) Norman Foster Ramsey (1978) Lewis Branscomb (1979) Herman Feshbach (1980) Arthur Schawlow (1981) Maurice Goldhaber (1982) Robert Marshak (1983) Mildred Dresselhaus (1984) Robert Rathbun Wilson (1985) Sidney Drell (1986) Val Logsdon Fitch (1987) James A. Krumhansl (1989) Eugen Merzbacher (1990) Nicolaas Bloembergen (1991) Ernest Henley (1992) Donald N. Langenberg (1993) Burton Richter (1994) Chandra Kumar Patel (1995) J.R. Schrieffer (1996) D. Allan Bromley (1997) Andrew Sessler (1998) Jerome Isaac Friedman (1999) James S. Langer (2000)
2001–Presente	George Trilling (2001) William F. Brinkman (2002) Myriam Sarachik (2003) Helen Quinn (2004) Marvin Cohen (2005) John Hopfield (2006) Leo Kadanoff (2007) Arthur Bienenstock (2008) Cherry Ann Murray (2009) Curtis Callan (2010) Barry Barish (2011) Robert L. Byer (2012) Michael Stanley Turner (2013) Malcolm R. Beasley (2014) Sam Aronson (2015) Homer Neal (2016) Laura Greene (2017) Roger Falcone (2018) David Gross (2019) Philip H. Bucksbaum (2020) Sylvester James Gates Jr. (2021) Frances Hellman (2022) Robert Rosner (2023)

v d e Prêmio Enrico Fermi
1956:John von Neumann ·1957:Ernest Lawrence ·1958:Eugene Wigner ·1959:Glenn Seaborg ·1961:Hans Bethe ·1962:Edward Teller ·1963:Robert Oppenheimer ·1964:Hyman Rickover ·1966:Otto Hahn,Lise Meitner eFritz Straßmann ·1968:John Archibald Wheeler ·1969:Walter Henry Zinn ·1970:Norris Bradbury ·1971:Shields Warren eStafford Warren ·1972:Manson Benedict ·1976:William Lawson Russell ·1978:Wolfgang Panofsky eHarold Agnew ·1980:Rudolf Peierls eAlvin Weinberg ·1981:Bennett Lewis ·1982:Herbert Anderson eSeth Neddermeyer ·1983:Alexander Hollaender eJohn H. Lawrence ·1984:Robert Wilson eGeorge Vendryes ·1985:Norman Rasmussen eMarshall Rosenbluth ·1986:Ernest Courant eStanley Livingston ·1987:Luis Walter Alvarez eGerald Tape ·1988:Richard B. Setlow eVictor Weisskopf ·1990:George Cowan eRobley Evans ·1992:Harold Brown,John Foster eLeon Lederman ·1993:Liane Russell eFreeman Dyson ·1995:Ugo Fano eMartin Kamen ·1996:Mortimer Elkind,Rodney Withers eRichard Garwin ·1998:Maurice Goldhaber eMichael Phelps ·2000:Sheldon Datz,Sidney Drell eHerbert York ·2003:John Bahcall,Raymond Davis Jr. eSeymour Sack ·2005:Arthur Rosenfeld ·2009:John Goodenough eSiegfried Hecker ·2010:Mildred Dresselhaus eBurton Richter ·2013:Allen Joseph Bard eAndrew Sessler ·2014:Charles Shank eClaudio Pellegrini ·2023:Darleane Hoffman eGábor Somorjai ·2024:Héctor Abruña,Paul Alivisatos eJohn Nuckolls

Prêmio Enrico Fermi

1956:John von Neumann ·1957:Ernest Lawrence ·1958:Eugene Wigner ·1959:Glenn Seaborg ·1961:Hans Bethe ·1962:Edward Teller ·1963:Robert Oppenheimer ·1964:Hyman Rickover ·1966:Otto Hahn,Lise Meitner eFritz Straßmann ·1968:John Archibald Wheeler ·1969:Walter Henry Zinn ·1970:Norris Bradbury ·1971:Shields Warren eStafford Warren ·1972:Manson Benedict ·1976:William Lawson Russell ·1978:Wolfgang Panofsky eHarold Agnew ·1980:Rudolf Peierls eAlvin Weinberg ·1981:Bennett Lewis ·1982:Herbert Anderson eSeth Neddermeyer ·1983:Alexander Hollaender eJohn H. Lawrence ·1984:Robert Wilson eGeorge Vendryes ·1985:Norman Rasmussen eMarshall Rosenbluth ·1986:Ernest Courant eStanley Livingston ·1987:Luis Walter Alvarez eGerald Tape ·1988:Richard B. Setlow eVictor Weisskopf ·1990:George Cowan eRobley Evans ·1992:Harold Brown,John Foster eLeon Lederman ·1993:Liane Russell eFreeman Dyson ·1995:Ugo Fano eMartin Kamen ·1996:Mortimer Elkind,Rodney Withers eRichard Garwin ·1998:Maurice Goldhaber eMichael Phelps ·2000:Sheldon Datz,Sidney Drell eHerbert York ·2003:John Bahcall,Raymond Davis Jr. eSeymour Sack ·2005:Arthur Rosenfeld ·2009:John Goodenough eSiegfried Hecker ·2010:Mildred Dresselhaus eBurton Richter ·2013:Allen Joseph Bard eAndrew Sessler ·2014:Charles Shank eClaudio Pellegrini ·2023:Darleane Hoffman eGábor Somorjai ·2024:Héctor Abruña,Paul Alivisatos eJohn Nuckolls

v d e Medalha Max Planck (1929–2022)
1929:Max Planck eAlbert Einstein 1930:Niels Bohr 1931:Arnold Sommerfeld 1932:Max von Laue 1933:Werner Heisenberg 1937:Erwin Schrödinger 1938:Louis de Broglie 1942:Pascual Jordan 1943:Friedrich Hund 1944:Walther Kossel 1948:Max Born 1949:Otto Hahn eLise Meitner 1950:Peter Debye 1951:James Franck eGustav Ludwig Hertz 1952:Paul Dirac 1953:Walther Bothe 1954:Enrico Fermi 1955:Hans Bethe 1956:Victor Weisskopf 1957:Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker 1958:Wolfgang Pauli 1959:Oskar Klein 1960:Lev Landau 1961:Eugene Paul Wigner 1962:Ralph Kronig 1963:Rudolf Peierls 1964:Samuel Goudsmit eGeorge Uhlenbeck 1966:Gerhard Lüders 1967:Harry Lehmann 1968:Walter Heitler 1969:Freeman Dyson 1970:Rudolf Haag 1972:Herbert Fröhlich 1973:Nikolai Bogoliubov 1974:Léon Van Hove 1975:Gregor Wentzel 1976:Ernst Stueckelberg 1977:Walter Thirring 1978:Paul Peter Ewald 1979:Markus Fierz 1981:Kurt Symanzik 1982:Hans-Arwed Weidenmüller 1983:Nicholas Kemmer 1984:Res Jost 1985:Yoichiro Nambu 1986:Franz Wegner 1987:Julius Wess 1988:Valentine Bargmann 1989:Bruno Zumino 1990:Hermann Haken 1991:Wolfhart Zimmermann 1992:Elliott Lieb 1993:Kurt Binder 1994:Hans-Jürgen Borchers 1995:Siegfried Großmann 1996:Ludvig Faddeev 1997:Gerald Brown 1998:Raymond Stora 1999:Pierre Hohenberg 2000:Martin Lüscher 2001:Jürg Fröhlich 2002:Jürgen Ehlers 2003:Martin Gutzwiller 2004:Klaus Hepp 2005:Peter Zoller 2006:Wolfgang Götze 2007:Joel Lebowitz 2008:Detlev Buchholz 2009:Robert Graham 2010:Dieter Vollhardt 2011:Giorgio Parisi 2012:Martin Zirnbauer 2013:Werner Nahm 2014:David Ruelle 2015:Viatcheslav Mukhanov 2016:Herbert Wagner 2017:Herbert Spohn 2018:Juan Ignacio Cirac Sasturain 2019:Detlef Lohse 2020:Andrzej Buras 2021:Alexander Polyakov 2022:Annette Zippelius

Medalha Max Planck (1929–2022)

v d e Nobel de Física
1901–1925	1901:Röntgen 1902:Lorentz eZeeman 1903:Becquerel,P. Curie eM. Curie 1904:Strutt 1905:Lenard 1906:J. J. Thompson 1907:Michelson 1908:Lippmann 1909:Marconi eBraun 1910:Van der Waals 1911:Wien 1912:Dalén 1913:Kamerlingh Onnes 1914:Laue 1915:W. H. Bragg eW. L. Bragg 1917:Barkla 1918:Planck 1919:Stark 1920:Guillaume 1921:Einstein 1922:N. Bohr 1923:Millikan 1924:Siegbahn 1925:Franck eHertz
1926–1950	1926:Perrin 1927:Compton eC. Wilson 1928:O. W. Richardson 1929:Broglie 1930:Raman 1932:Heisenberg 1933:Schrödinger eDirac 1935:Chadwick 1936:Hess eC. D. Anderson 1937:Davisson eThomson 1938:Fermi 1939:Lawrence 1943:Stern 1944:Rabi 1945:Pauli 1946:Bridgman 1947:Appleton 1948:Blackett 1949:Yukawa 1950:Powell
1951–1975	1951:Cockcroft eWalton 1952:Bloch ePurcell 1953:Zernike 1954:Born eBothe 1955:Lamb eKusch 1956:Shockley,Bardeen eBrattain 1957:Yang eT.-D. Lee 1958:Cherenkov,Frank eTamm 1959:Segrè eChamberlain 1960:Glaser 1961:Hofstadter eMössbauer 1962:Landau 1963:Wigner,Goeppert-Mayer eJensen 1964:Townes,Basov eProkhorov 1965:Tomonaga,Schwinger eFeynman 1966:Kastler 1967:Bethe 1968:Alvarez 1969:Gell-Mann 1970:Alfvén eNéel 1971:Gabor 1972:Bardeen,Cooper eSchrieffer 1973:Esaki,Giaever eJosephson 1974:Ryle eHewish 1975:A. Bohr,Mottelson eRainwater
1976–2000	1976:Richter eTing 1977:P. W. Anderson,Mott eVan Vleck 1978:Kapitsa,Penzias eWilson 1979:Glashow,Salam eWeinberg 1980:Cronin eFitch 1981:Bloembergen,Schawlow eSiegbahn 1982:Wilson 1983:Chandrasekhar eFowler 1984:Rubbia eVan der Meer 1985:Klitzing 1986:Ruska,Binnig eRohrer 1987:Bednorz eMüller 1988:Lederman,Schwartz eSteinberger 1989:Ramsey,Dehmelt ePaul 1990:Friedman,Kendall eR. E. Taylor 1991:de Gennes 1992:Charpak,Hulse eJ. H. Taylor 1993:Brockhouse eShull 1994:Perl eReines 1995:D. Lee,Osheroff eR. Richardson 1996:Chu,Cohen-Tannoudji ePhillips 1997:Laughlin,Störmer eTsui 1998:Hooft eVeltman 1999:Alferov,Kroemer eKilby
2001–2024	2001:Cornell,Wieman eKetterle 2002:Davis,Koshiba eGiacconi 2003:Abrikosov,Ginzburg eLeggett 2004:Gross,Politzer eWilczek 2005:Glauber\|,Hall eHänsch 2006:Mather eSmoot 2007:Fert eGrünberg 2008:Nambu,Kobayashi eMasukawa 2009:Kao,Boyle eG. Smith 2010:Geim eNovoselov 2011:Perlmutter,Riess eSchmidt 2012:Haroche eWineland 2013:Englert eHiggs 2014:Akasaki,Amano eNakamura 2015:Kajita eMcDonald 2016:Haldane,Thouless eKosterlitz 2017:Weiss,Barish eThorne 2018:Ashkin,Mourou eStrickland 2019:Peebles,Mayor eQueloz 2020:Penrose,Genzel eGhez 2021:Manabe,Hasselmann eParisi 2022:Aspect,Clauser eZeilinger 2023:Agostini,Krausz eL'Huillier 2024:Hopfield eHinton

Medalha Nacional de Ciências

Ciência do Comportamento e Social

Década de 1960	1964:Neal Elgar Miller
Década de 1980	1986:Herbert Simon ·1987:Anne Anastasi eGeorge Joseph Stigler ·1988:Milton Friedman
Década de 1990	1990:Leonid Hurwicz ePatrick Suppes ·1991:George A. Miller ·1992:Eleanor J. Gibson ·1994:Robert Merton ·1995:Roger Shepard ·1996:Paul Samuelson ·1997:William Estes ·1998:William Julius Wilson ·1999:Robert Solow
Década de 2000	2000:Gary Becker ·2003:R. Duncan Luce ·2004:Kenneth Arrow ·2005:Gordon Bower ·2008:Michael Posner ·2009:Mortimer Mishkin
Década de 2010	2011:Anne Treisman ·2012:Robert Axelrod ·2014:Albert Bandura

Ciências Biológicas

Década de 1960	1963:Cornelis Bernardus van Niel ·1964:Theodosius Dobzhansky eMarshall Nirenberg ·1965:Francis Rous,George Gaylord Simpson eDonald Van Slyke ·1966:Edward Fred Knipling,Fritz Albert Lipmann,William Cumming Rose eSewall Wright ·1967:Kenneth Cole,Harry Harlow,Michael Heidelberger eAlfred Sturtevant ·1968:Horace Barker,Bernard Brodie,Detlev Bronk,Jay Laurence Lush eB. F. Skinner ·1969:Robert Hübner,Ernst Mayr
Década de 1970	1970:Barbara McClintock eAlbert Sabin ·1973:Daniel Arnon eEarl Sutherland ·1974:Britton Chance,Erwin Chargaff,James Neel eJames Hannon ·1975:Hallowell Davis,Paul Gyorgy,Sterling Hendricks eOrville Vogel ·1976:Roger Guillemin,Keith Roberts Porter,Efraim Racker eEdward Osborne Wilson ·1979:Robert H. Burris,Elizabeth C. Crosby,Arthur Kornberg,Severo Ochoa,Earl Stadtman,George Ledyard Stebbins ePaul Weiss
Década de 1980	1981:Philip Handler ·1982:Seymour Benzer,Glenn Burton eMildred Cohn ·1983:Howard Bachrach,Paul Berg,Wendell Lee Roelofs eBerta Scharrer ·1986:Stanley Cohen,Donald Henderson,Vernon Mountcastle,George Palade eJoan A. Steitz ·1987:Michael DeBakey,Theodor Otto Diener,Harry Eagle,Har Khorana eRita Levi-Montalcini ·1988:Michael Stuart Brown,Stanley Norman Cohen,Joseph Goldstein,Maurice Hilleman,Eric Kandel eRosalyn Yalow ·1989:Katherine Esau,Viktor Hamburger,Philip Leder,Joshua Lederberg,Roger Sperry eHarland Goff Wood
Década de 1990	1990:Baruj Benacerraf,Herbert Boyer,Daniel Koshland,Edward Lewis,David Nathan eEdward Donnall Thomas ·1991:Mary Ellen Avery,George Evelyn Hutchinson,Elvin Kabat,Robert Kates,Salvador Luria,Paul Marks,Folke Skoog ePaul Zamecnik ·1992:Maxine Singer eHoward Martin Temin ·1993:Daniel Nathans eSalome G. Waelsch ·1994:Thomas Eisner eElizabeth Neufeld ·1995:Alexander Rich ·1996:Ruth Patrick ·1997:James Watson eRobert Allan Weinberg ·1998:Bruce Ames eJanet Rowley ·1999:David Baltimore,Jared Diamond eLynn Margulis
Década de 2000	2000:Nancy Coover Andreasen,Peter H. Raven eCarl Woese ·2001:Francisco José Ayala,George Bass,Mario Capecchi,Ann Graybiel,Gene Likens,Victor A. McKusick eHarold Varmus ·2002:James E. Darnell eEvelyn M. Witkin ·2003:John Michael Bishop,Solomon Halbert Snyder eCharles Yanofsky ·2004:Norman Borlaug,Phillip Allen Sharp eThomas Starzl ·2005:Anthony Fauci eTorsten Wiesel ·2006:Rita Colwell,Nina Fedoroff eLubert Stryer ·2007:Robert Lefkowitz eBert William O’Malley ·2008:Francis Collins,Elaine Fuchs,Craig Venter ·2009:Susan Lindquist,Stanley Prusiner
Década de 2010	2010:Ralph Lawrence Brinster,Rudolf Jaenisch ·2011:Lucy Shapiro,Leroy Hood,Sallie Chisholm ·2012:May Berenbaum,Bruce Alberts ·2013:Rakesh Jain ·2014:Stanley Falkow,Mary-Claire King,Simon Levin

Química

Década de 1960	1964:Roger Adams
Década de 1980	1982:Frank Albert Cotton eGilbert Stork ·1983:Roald Hoffmann,George Claude Pimentel eRichard Zare ·1986:Harry Barkus Gray,Yuan Lee,Carl Shipp Marvel eFrank Westheimer ·1987:William Summer Johnson,Walter Hugo Stockmayer eMax Tishler ·1988:William Oliver Baker,Konrad Bloch eElias James Corey ·1989:Richard Barry Bernstein,Melvin Calvin,Rudolph Arthur Marcus eHarden McConnell
Década de 1990	1990:Elkan Blout,Karl August Folkers eJohn Dombrowski Roberts ·1991:Ronald Breslow,Gertrude Elion,Dudley Robert Herschbach eGlenn Theodore Seaborg ·1992:Howard Ensign Simmons ·1993:Donald James Cram eNorman Hackerman ·1994:George Simms Hammond ·1995:Thomas Cech eIsabella Karle ·1996:Norman Davidson ·1997:Darleane Hoffman eHarold S. Johnston ·1998:John Werner Cahn eGeorge Whitesides ·1999:Stuart Alan Rice,John Ross eSusan Solomon
Década de 2000	2000:John Baldeschwieler eRalph Hirschmann ·2001:Ernest Roy Davidson eGábor Somorjai ·2002:John Brauman ·2004:Stephen Lippard ·2006:Marvin Harry Caruthers ePeter Dervan ·2007:Mostafa El-Sayed ·2008:Joanna Fowler eJoAnne Stubbe ·2009:Stephen James Benkovic eMarye Anne Fox
Década de 2010	2010:Jacqueline Barton ePeter John Stang ·2011:Allen Joseph Bard eFrederick Hawthorne ·2012:Judith Klinman,Jerrold Meinwald ·2013:Geraldine Richmond ·2014:Paul Alivisatos

Ciências da Engenharia

Década de 1960	1962:Theodore von Kármán ·1963:Vannevar Bush eJohn Robinson Pierce ·1964:Charles Stark Draper ·1965:Hugh Latimer Dryden,Clarence Johnson eWarren Lewis ·1966:Claude Shannon ·1967:Edwin Land eIgor Sikorsky ·1968:John Presper Eckert eNathan M. Newmark ·1969:Jack Kilby
Década de 1970	1970:George Mueller ·1973:Harold Eugene Edgerton eRichard Whitcomb ·1974:Rudolf Kompfner,Ralph Brazelton Peck eAbel Wolman ·1975:Manson Benedict,William Hayward Pickering,Frederick Terman eWernher von Braun ·1976:Morris Cohen,Peter Carl Goldmark eErwin Wilhelm Müller ·1979:Emmett Leith,Raymond Mindlin,Robert Noyce,Earl Randall Parker eSimon Ramo
Década de 1980	1982:Edward Heinemann eDonald Katz ·1983:Bill Hewlett,George Low eJohn George Trump ·1986:Hans Wolfgang Liepmann,Tung-Yen Lin eBernard Oliver ·1987:Robert Byron Bird,Harry Bolton Seed eErnst Weber ·1988:Daniel Drucker,Willis Hawkins eGeorge W. Housner ·1989:Harry George Drickamer eHerbert Earl Grier
Década de 1990	1990:Mildred Dresselhaus eNick Holonyak ·1991:George Heilmeier,Luna Leopold eGuyford Stever ·1992:Calvin Quate eJohn Roy Whinnery ·1993:Alfred Yi Cho ·1994:Ray Clough ·1995:Hermann Anton Haus ·1996:James Flanagan eChandra Kumar Patel ·1998:Eli Ruckenstein ·1999:Kenneth N. Stevens
Década de 2000	2000:Yuan-Cheng Fung ·2001:Andreas Acrivos ·2002:Leo Beranek ·2003:John Prausnitz ·2004:Edwin Lightfoot ·2005:Jan Achenbach eTobin Marks ·2006:Robert Langer ·2007:David Wineland ·2008:Rudolf Kalman ·2009:Amnon Yariv
Década de 2010	2010:Shu Chien ·2011:John Bannister Goodenough ·2014:Thomas Kailath

Ciências Matemáticas, Estatísticas e Computacionais

Década de 1960	1963:Norbert Wiener ·1964:Solomon Lefschetz eMarston Morse ·1965:Oscar Zariski ·1966:John Milnor ·1967:Paul Cohen ·1968:Jerzy Neyman ·1969:William Feller
Década de 1970	1970:Richard Brauer ·1973:John Tukey ·1974:Kurt Gödel ·1975:John Backus,Shiing-Shen Chern eGeorge Dantzig ·1976:Kurt Otto Friedrichs eHassler Whitney ·1979:Joseph Leo Doob eDonald Knuth
Década de 1980	1982:Marshall Harvey Stone ·1983:Herman Goldstine eIsadore Singer ·1986:Peter Lax eAntoni Zygmund ·1987:Raoul Bott eMichael Freedman ·1988:Ralph Gomory eJoseph Keller ·1989:Samuel Karlin,Saunders Mac Lane eDonald Spencer
Década de 1990	1990:George Carrier,Stephen Kleene eJohn McCarthy ·1991:Alberto Calderón ·1992:Allen Newell ·1993:Martin Kruskal ·1994:John Cocke ·1995:Louis Nirenberg ·1996:Richard Karp eStephen Smale ·1997:Shing-Tung Yau ·1998:Cathleen Synge Morawetz ·1999:Felix Browder eRonald Coifman
Década de 2000	2000:John Griggs Thompson eKaren Uhlenbeck ·2001:Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao eElias Stein ·2002:James Glimm ·2003:Carl de Boor ·2004:Dennis Sullivan ·2005:Bradley Efron ·2006:Hyman Bass ·2007:Leonard Kleinrock eAndrew Viterbi ·2009:David Mumford
Década de 2010	2010:Richard Alfred Tapia eS. R. Srinivasa Varadhan ·2011:Solomon Wolf Golomb eBarry Mazur ·2014:Alexandre Chorin,David Blackwell (póstuma) ·2015:Michael Artin

Ciências Físicas

Década de 1960	1963:Luis Walter Alvarez ·1964:Julian Schwinger,Harold Clayton Urey eRobert Burns Woodward ·1965:John Bardeen,Peter Debye,Leon Max Lederman eWilliam Walden Rubey ·1966:Jacob Bjerknes,Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar,Henry Eyring,John Hasbrouck Van Vleck eVladimir Zworykin ·1967:Jesse Beams,Francis Birch,Gregory Breit ·Louis Plack Hammett eGeorge Kistiakowsky ·1968:Paul Doughty Bartlett,Herbert Friedman,Lars Onsager eEugene Paul Wigner ·1969:Herbert Charles Brown eWolfgang Panofsky
Década de 1970	1970:Robert Henry Dicke,Allan Rex Sandage,John Clarke Slater,John Archibald Wheeler eSaul Winstein ·1973:Carl Djerassi,William Maurice Ewing,Arie Jan Haagen-Smit,Vladimir Haensel,Frederick Seitz eRobert Rathbun Wilson ·1974:Nicolaas Bloembergen,Paul John Flory,William Alfred Fowler,Linus Pauling eKenneth Sanborn Pitzer ·1975:Hans Bethe,Joseph Hirschfelder,Lewis Hastings Sarett,Edgar Bright Wilson eChien-Shiung Wu ·1976:Samuel Abraham Goudsmit,Herbert S. Gutowsky,Frederick Rossini,Verner Suomi,Henry Taube eGeorge Eugene Uhlenbeck ·1979:Richard Feynman,Hermann Mark,Edward Mills Purcell,John Sinfelt,Lyman Spitzer eVictor Weisskopf
Década de 1980	1982:Philip Warren Anderson,Yoichiro Nambu,Edward Teller eCharles Hard Townes ·1983:Margaret Burbidge,Maurice Goldhaber,Helmut Landsberg,Walter Munk,Frederick Reines,Bruno Rossi eJohn Robert Schrieffer ·1986:Solomon Buchsbaum,Horace Crane,Herman Feshbach,Robert Hofstadter eChen Ning Yang ·1987:Philip Abelson,Walter Elsasser,Paul Christian Lauterbur,George Pake eJames Van Allen ·1988:David Allan Bromley,Chu Ching-wu,Walter Kohn,Norman Foster Ramsey,Jack Steinberger ·1989:Arnold Orville Beckman,Eugene Parker,Robert Sharp eHenry Stommel
Década de 1990	1990:Allan Cormack,Edwin Mattison McMillan,Robert Pound eRoger Revelle ·1991:Arthur Schawlow,Ed Stone eSteven Weinberg ·1992:Eugene Shoemaker ·1993:Val Logsdon Fitch eVera Rubin ·1994:Albert Overhauser eFrank Press ·1995:Hans Georg Dehmelt ePeter Goldreich ·1996:Wallace Smith Broecker ·1997:Marshall Rosenbluth,Martin Schwarzschild eGeorge Wetherill ·1998:Don Lorraine Anderson eJohn Norris Bahcall ·1999:James Watson Cronin eLeo Kadanoff
Década de 2000	2000:Willis Eugene Lamb,Jeremiah Paul Ostriker eGilbert Fowler White ·2001:Marvin Cohen,Raymond Davis Jr. eCharles Keeling ·2002:Richard Garwin,William Jason Morgan eEdward Witten ·2003:Brent Dalrymple,Riccardo Giacconi ·2004:Robert N. Clayton ·2005:Ralph Alpher eLonnie Thompson ·2006:Daniel Kleppner ·2007:Fay Ajzenberg-Selove eCharles Pence Slichter ·2008:Berni Alder eJames Gunn ·2009:Yakir Aharonov,Esther Marley Conwell eWarren Washington
Década de 2010	2011:Sidney Drell,Sandra Faber,Sylvester James Gates ·2012:Burton Richter,Sean Solomon ·2014:Shirley Ann Jackson

v d e Projeto Manhattan
Linha do tempo
Locais	Ames Berkeley Chicago Dayton Hanford Inyokern Los Alamos Montreal Oak Ridge Trinity Wendover Heavy water sites
Administradores	Vannevar Bush Arthur Holly Compton James Conant Priscilla Duffield Thomas Farrell Leslie Groves John Lansdale Ernest Lawrence James Creel Marshall Franklin Matthias Dorothy McKibbin Kenneth Nichols Robert Oppenheimer William Sterling Parsons William Reynolds Purnell Frank Spedding Charles Allen Thomas Paul Tibbets William Lewis Uanna Harold Clayton Urey Stafford Warren James Edward Westcott Roscoe Charles Wilson
Cientistas	Luis Walter Alvarez Robert Bacher Hans Bethe Aage Niels Bohr Niels Bohr Norris Bradbury James Chadwick John Cockcroft Harry Daghlian Enrico Fermi Richard Feynman Val Logsdon Fitch James Franck Klaus Fuchs Maria Goeppert-Mayer George Kistiakowsky George Koval Willard Frank Libby Edwin Mattison McMillan Marcus Oliphant Norman Foster Ramsey Isidor Isaac Rabi Leo James Rainwater Bruno Rossi Glenn Theodore Seaborg Emilio Gino Segrè Louis Slotin Henry DeWolf Smyth Leó Szilárd Edward Teller Stanisław Ulam John von Neumann John Archibald Wheeler Eugene Paul Wigner Robert Rathbun Wilson Leona Woods
Operações	Operação Alsos Bombardeamentos de Hiroshima e Nagasaki Operação Crossroads Operação Peppermint Projeto Alberta Silverplate 509th Composite Group Enola Gay Bockscar The Great Artiste
Armas	Fat Man Little Boy Pumpkin bomb Thin Man
Tópicos relacionados	Projeto de Armas Especiais para as Forças Armadas Atomic Energy Act of 1946 Contribuição britânica para o Projeto Manhattan Chicago Pile-1 Demon Core Carta Einstein-Szilárd Comitê Interino Audiência de segurança de Oppenheimer Plutônio Experimento RaLa Smyth Report Urânio Reator de Grafite X-10
Projeto Manhattan

Outros projetosWikimedia também contêm material sobre este tema:
	Citações noWikiquote
	Categoria noCommons

Este artigo sobre um(a)físico(a) é umesboço. Você pode ajudar a Wikipédiaexpandindo-o.

Controle de autoridade	:Q155790 WorldCat VIAF:108474833 BIBSYS:90107338 BNF:12242500g BRE:1912346 CANTIC:981058515831806706 CiNii:DA00698396 Dialnet:20697 EBID:ID FAST:1433226 GND:119134047 Find a Grave:7959563 ICCU:MILV110474 ISNI:ID LCCN:n50015686 MGP:36900 MusicBrainz:ID Munzinger:00000010483 NDL:00460889 NNDB:000099538 NTA:073376523 NUKAT:n98034824 SNAC:w68g8ndd SUDOC:031154433 Treccani:eugene-paul-wigner WikiTree:Wigner-14 PTBNP:48276 OL:OL397611A NLI:000141767 CONOR.BG:51713125 CoBiS:95a5yja38danyka99hb5yc9h60u3ed0 Kallías:PE00417074 Kalliope-Verbund:119134047 MG:190203 NSZL:000000016161 Catálogo SHARE:40450 SNK:154075

Controle de autoridade

Obtida de "https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eugene_Wigner&oldid=65286138"

Categorias:

Categorias ocultas:

[8]ページ先頭