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عمومي خواص |
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Pronunciation | /ˈθjuːliəm/ or/ˈθuːliəm/ THEW-lee-əm orTHOO-lee-əm |
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Appearance | silvery gray |
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Thulium پهدوراني جدول کې |
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اټومي شمیره(Z) | 69 |
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گروپ,پیریود | group n/a,period 6 |
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بلاک | f-block |
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Element category | lanthanide |
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معياري اټومي وزن (Ar) | کينډۍ:Val[۱] |
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Electron configuration | [Xe] 4f13 6s2 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2 |
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فزیکي خواص |
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حالت(at STP) | جامد |
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دويلې کيدو ټکى | 1818 K (1545 °C, 2813 °F) |
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يشنا ټکی | 2223 K (1950 °C, 3542 °F) |
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Density near r.t. | 9.32 g/cm3 |
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when liquid, at m.p. | 8.56 g/cm3 |
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Heat of fusion | 16.84 kJ/mol |
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Heat of vaporization | 191 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | 27.03 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressureP (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
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at T (K) | 1117 | 1235 | 1381 | 1570 | (1821) | (2217) |
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اټومي خواص |
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Oxidation states | 2,3 (abasic oxide) |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.25 |
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Ionization energies | - 1st: 596.7 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1160 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 2285 kJ/mol
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Atomic radius | empirical: 176 pm |
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Covalent radius | 190±10 pm |
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Miscellanea |
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Crystal structure | hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for thulium |
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Thermal expansion | poly: 13.3 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.) |
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د تودوخې تېرېدنه | 16.9 W/(m·K) |
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Electrical resistivity | poly: 676 nΩ·m (at r.t.) |
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Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic (at 300 K) |
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Magnetic susceptibility(χmol) | +25,500·10−6 cm3/mol (291 K)[۲] |
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Young's modulus | 74.0 GPa |
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Shear modulus | 30.5 GPa |
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Bulk modulus | 44.5 GPa |
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Poisson ratio | 0.213 |
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Vickers hardness | 470–650 MPa |
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Brinell hardness | 470–900 MPa |
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CAS Number | 7440-30-4 |
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History |
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Naming | afterThule, a mythical region in Scandinavia |
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Discovery and first isolation | Per Teodor Cleve (1879) |
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Mainisotopes of thulium |
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| references | in Wikidata |