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منځپانگې ته ورتلل
ويکيپېډيا
پلټنه

توليوم

د ويکيپېډيا، وړیا پوهنغونډ له خوا
(لهThulium نه مخ گرځېدلی)
Thulium,  69Tm
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation/ˈθjuːliəm/ or/ˈθliəm/
THEW-lee-əm orTHOO-lee-əm
Appearancesilvery gray
Thulium پهدوراني جدول کې
Hydrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal)
Nitrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Oxygen (diatomic nonmetal)
Fluorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (polyatomic nonmetal)
Sulfur (polyatomic nonmetal)
Chlorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (polyatomic nonmetal)
Bromine (diatomic nonmetal)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (diatomic nonmetal)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanide)
Cerium (lanthanide)
Praseodymium (lanthanide)
Neodymium (lanthanide)
Promethium (lanthanide)
Samarium (lanthanide)
Europium (lanthanide)
Gadolinium (lanthanide)
Terbium (lanthanide)
Dysprosium (lanthanide)
Holmium (lanthanide)
Erbium (lanthanide)
Thulium (lanthanide)
Ytterbium (lanthanide)
Lutetium (lanthanide)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (metalloid)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinide)
Thorium (actinide)
Protactinium (actinide)
Uranium (actinide)
Neptunium (actinide)
Plutonium (actinide)
Americium (actinide)
Curium (actinide)
Berkelium (actinide)
Californium (actinide)
Einsteinium (actinide)
Fermium (actinide)
Mendelevium (actinide)
Nobelium (actinide)
Lawrencium (actinide)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Nihonium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Moscovium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Tennessine (unknown chemical properties)
Oganesson (unknown chemical properties)


Tm

Md
erbiumthuliumytterbium
اټومي شمیره(Z)69
گروپ,پیریودgroup n/a,period 6
بلاکf-block
Element category lanthanide
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)کينډۍ:Val[۱]
Electron configuration[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت(at STP)جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى1818 K ​(1545 °C, ​2813 °F)
يشنا ټکی2223 K ​(1950 °C, ​3542 °F)
Density near r.t.9.32 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.8.56 g/cm3
Heat of fusion16.84 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization191 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity27.03 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa)1101001 k10 k100 k
at T (K)1117123513811570(1821)(2217)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states2,3 ​(abasic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.25
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 596.7 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1160 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2285 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 176 pm
Covalent radius190±10 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structurehexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for thulium
Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for thulium
Thermal expansionpoly: 13.3 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه16.9 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivitypoly: 676 nΩ·m (at r.t.)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic (at 300 K)
Magnetic susceptibility(χmol)+25,500·10−6 cm3/mol (291 K)[۲]
Young's modulus74.0 GPa
Shear modulus30.5 GPa
Bulk modulus44.5 GPa
Poisson ratio0.213
Vickers hardness470–650 MPa
Brinell hardness470–900 MPa
CAS Number7440-30-4
History
NamingafterThule, a mythical region in Scandinavia
Discovery and first isolationPer Teodor Cleve (1879)
Mainisotopes of thulium
آيسو­ټوپAbun­danceنیم ژوند(t1/2)Decay modePro­duct
167Tmsyn9.25 dε167Er
168Tmsyn93.1 dε168Er
169Tm100%stable
170Tmsyn128.6 dβ170Yb
171Tmsyn1.92 yβ171Yb
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| references | in Wikidata

توليوم (پهانگرېزي:Thulium) لهکیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې پهتناوبي جدول کې دTm سمبول او ۶۹اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

مشخصات

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تاریخچه

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مرکبات

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د استعمال ځایونه

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سرچينې

[سمول]
  1. Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016)."Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)".Pure Appl. Chem.88 (3): 265–91.doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.{{cite journal}}:Unknown parameter|displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
  2. Weast, Robert (1984).CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110.ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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