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| عمومي خواص |
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| Pronunciation | /ˈθɔəriəm/
THAWR-ee-əm |
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| Appearance | silvery, often with black tarnish |
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| Thorium پهدوراني جدول کې |
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| اټومي شمیره(Z) | 90 |
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| گروپ,پیریود | group n/a,period 7 |
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| بلاک | f-block |
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| Element category | actinide |
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| معياري اټومي وزن (Ar) | کينډۍ:Val[۱] |
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| Electron configuration | [Rn] 6d2 7s2 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2 |
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| فزیکي خواص |
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| حالت(at STP) | جامد |
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| دويلې کيدو ټکى | 2023 K (1750 °C, 3182 °F) |
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| يشنا ټکی | 5061 K (4788 °C, 8650 °F) |
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| Density near r.t. | 11.7 g/cm3 |
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| Heat of fusion | 13.81 kJ/mol |
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| Heat of vaporisation | 514 kJ/mol |
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| Molar heat capacity | 26.230 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapour pressure| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
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| at T (K) | 2633 | 2907 | 3248 | 3683 | 4259 | 5055 |
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| اټومي خواص |
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| Oxidation states | 4, 3, 2, 1 (a weaklybasic oxide) |
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| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.3 |
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| Ionisation energies | - 1st: 587 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1110 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 1930 kJ/mol
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|
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| Atomic radius | empirical: 179.8 pm |
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| Covalent radius | 206±6 pm |
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| Miscellanea |
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| Crystal structure | face-centred cubic (fcc) Facecentredcubic crystal structure for thorium |
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| Speed of sound thin rod | 2490 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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| Thermal expansion | 11.0 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
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| د تودوخې تېرېدنه | 54.0 W/(m·K) |
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| Electrical resistivity | 157 nΩ·m (at 0 °C) |
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| Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic[۲] |
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| Magnetic susceptibility(χmol) | 132.0·10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)[۳] |
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| Young's modulus | 79 GPa |
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| Shear modulus | 31 GPa |
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| Bulk modulus | 54 GPa |
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| Poisson ratio | 0.27 |
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| Mohs hardness | 3.0 |
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| Vickers hardness | 295–685 MPa |
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| Brinell hardness | 390–1500 MPa |
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| CAS Number | 7440-29-1 |
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| History |
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| Naming | afterThor, the Norse god of thunder |
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| Discovery | Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1829) |
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| Mainisotopes of thorium |
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|
| | references | in Wikidata |
