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| عمومي خواص |
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| Pronunciation | /ˈθæliəm/
THAL-ee-əm |
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| Appearance | silvery white |
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| Thallium پهدوراني جدول کې |
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| اټومي شمیره(Z) | 81 |
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| گروپ,پیریود | group 13 (boron group),period 6 |
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| بلاک | p-block |
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| Element category | post-transition metal |
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| معياري اټومي وزن (Ar) | - [204.382, 204.385][۱]
- conventional: 204.38
|
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| Electron configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3 |
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| فزیکي خواص |
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| حالت(at STP) | جامد |
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| دويلې کيدو ټکى | 577 K (304 °C, 579 °F) |
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| يشنا ټکی | 1746 K (1473 °C, 2683 °F) |
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| Density near r.t. | 11.85 g/cm3 |
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| when liquid, at m.p. | 11.22 g/cm3 |
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| Heat of fusion | 4.14 kJ/mol |
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| Heat of vaporization | 165 kJ/mol |
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| Molar heat capacity | 26.32 J/(mol·K) |
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| Vapor pressure |
| اټومي خواص |
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| Oxidation states | 3, 2,1, −1, −2, −5[۲] (a mildlybasic oxide) |
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| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.62 |
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| Ionization energies | - 1st: 589.4 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1971 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 2878 kJ/mol
-
|
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| Atomic radius | empirical: 170 pm |
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| Covalent radius | 145±7 pm |
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| Van der Waals radius | 196 pm |
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| Miscellanea |
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| Crystal structure | hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for thallium |
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| Speed of sound thin rod | 818 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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| Thermal expansion | 29.9 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
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| د تودوخې تېرېدنه | 46.1 W/(m·K) |
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| Electrical resistivity | 0.18 µΩ·m (at 20 °C) |
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| Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic[۳] |
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| Magnetic susceptibility(χmol) | −50.9·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[۴] |
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| Young's modulus | 8 GPa |
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| Shear modulus | 2.8 GPa |
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| Bulk modulus | 43 GPa |
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| Poisson ratio | 0.45 |
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| Mohs hardness | 1.2 |
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| Brinell hardness | 26.5–44.7 MPa |
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| CAS Number | 7440-28-0 |
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| History |
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| Naming | after Greekthallos, green shoot or twig |
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| Discovery | William Crookes (1861) |
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| First isolation | Claude-Auguste Lamy (1862) |
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| Mainisotopes of thallium |
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|
| | references | in Wikidata |
